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F.3 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1 A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 0 Fax: +43 2236 71313 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.iiasa.ac.at External funding at IIASA and selected large externally funded projects at IIASA The table on the following pages shows a selection of major project/grants at IIASA starting in 2006 through to October 2014 (including those with UK partners). They are a snapshot of a much larger portfolio of externally funded collaborations. Total external funding (that is, from third-party sources over and above the National Member Organization contributions) granted to IIASA’s research directly during the 2006 to October 2014 timeframe amounts to Euro 69 million. This is part of a total funding portfolio of some Euro 329 million of the external projects in which IIASA is involved. The funding comes from a myriad of sources: highly competitive, peer-reviewed, international grants (e.g., EU Framework programs), national grants (e.g., Austrian Science Fund) with IIASA as a coordinator or partner; partnerships with international or national agencies (e.g., UNIDO, Federal Ministries); calls for tenders (e.g., EC DGs, Development Agencies), etc. For a complete list of funding sources, see note q, page 9 of IIASA’s latest audited accounts. In addition to coordinating or partnering in these externally-funded projects, IIASA is also proud to host seven grants from the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced, Starting and Synergy Grants funding mechanisms. This included, in 2005, IIASA hosting one of the first recipients of the European Young Investigator (EURYI) awards – a precursor to ERC grants and a joint initiative of the European Heads of Research Council and the European Science Foundation (see the following table). All third-party sponsored research proposals, grants and agreements are governed by IIASA policies and regulations; namely that they must conform to the principles and goals of the Institute’s Charter and strategic plan as established by the IIASA Council and any proposed research must fit within or complement the research agenda of themes and programs approved by the IIASA Council. Further, IIASA does not perform proprietary research and no contracts or agreements can be entered into that prohibits or restricts IIASA’s intellectual property rights or rights to publish, grants the sponsor special or exclusive information, etc. Lastly, when committing IIASA resources to perform projects under external funding, due account is also taken regarding any commitments that could dilute or divert resources from IIASA fulfilling its obligations towards its National Member Organizations. F.3 SELECTION OF LARGE PROJECTS AT IIASA STARTING 2006–2014 Project GEA Global Energy Assessment Initiative (Coordinator) EC4MACS European Consortium for Modelling of Air Pollution and Climate Strategies (Coordinator) Duration/ Total Start Budget (in Euro) 6 years June 2006 6 years Feb. 2007 6,320,013 Funders Partners/ Collaborators Brief Abstract • Austrian Development Agency • Climateworks Foundation • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit • First Solar Inc • Global Environment Facility • Global Environment & Technology Foundation • Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory • International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis • Petroleo Brasieiro S.A. • Research Council of Norway • Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning • Swedish Energy Agency • United Nations Development Programme • United Nations Environment Programme • United Nations Foundation • United Nations Industrial Development Organization • United States Environmental Protection Agency • World Bank • World Energy Council 300 authors 200 reviewers Governing Council The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) is the first fully integrated assessment of the global energy system to date that examines the global challenges related to energy, as well as opportunities and strategies for industrialized, developing and emerging economies. It is the result of the collaborative and integrated work of over 300 authors and 200 reviewers worldwide, including scientists, policy experts and industry leaders worldwide who contributed independent, scientifically based and policy relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues and options. Total European Commission, DG Environment, consortium: Directorate E, International Affairs & LIFE 4,417,186 IIASA: 2,227,393 GEA identifies the urgent need for a sustained and comprehensive strategy to resolve the challenges facing sustainable development, including poverty eradication, climate change mitigation, health, energy security and energy access. Implementation of this strategy relies on strong commitments from policy and decision makers for a grand transformation of the global energy system. The GEA, launched at Rio+20 in June 2012 and published by Cambridge University Press in September also presents a suite of pathways and potential solutions, and their costs and benefits for society and the environment. • Coordination Centre for Effects, Netherlands • E3M-Lab of the National Technical University, Greece • Lab for Thermodynamics of the Aristoteles University of Tessaloniki, Greece • Inst for Agricultural Policy, Market Research and Economic Sociology, Germany • EuroCARE, Germany • EMRC, Ricardo-AEA Technology • MetroEconomica, UK • INERIS, France EC4MACS provides scientific and economic analyses of policies in support of Europe’s Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution and the European Climate Change Programme in order to better understand how to further reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. There are important interactions and potentially large economic synergies between climate and air quality strategies and the objectives of EU social and economic policies. Model analyses, based on latest scientific findings and validated data, can provide valuable information on the design of (cost-) effective strategies that meet multiple policy objectives. The project has developed a toolbox of well established modelling tools to explore the synergies and interactions between climate change, air quality and other policy objectives. The EC4MACS toolbox is now ready for scientific and economic analyses to inform the revision of the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution in 2013 and the OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 European Climate Change Programme on climate strategies beyond 2012. The EC4MACS toolbox informs about the costs and benefits of the various policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to further improve air quality in the European Union while maximizing the benefits to EU energy, transport and agricultural policies. WATCH Water and Global Change (Partner) 4.5 years Feb. 2007 Total consortium: 9,980,096 IIASA: 471,000 European Commission, DG Research coordinated by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK Total of 24 partners, including • Austria (1 partner) • Czech Republic (1 partner) • Denmark (1 partner) • France (3 partners) • Germany (4 partners) • Greece (1 partner) • Italy (1 partner) • Netherlands (3 partners) • Norway (2 partners) • Poland (1 partner) • Portugal (1 partner) • Slovakia (1 partner) • Spain (2 partners) • UK (2 partners: Met Office; The Chancellor, Master and Scholars of the University of Oxford) The WATCH project brought together partner institutions in the hydrological, water resources and climate communities, with the aim to (1) analyze, quantify and predict the components of current and future global water cycles and related water resources states; (2) evaluate uncertainties; and (3) clarify the overall vulnerability of global water resources as they relate to the main societal and economic sectors. IIASA provided global spatial data on key components of the water cycle from 1900 to 2100 regarding agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses. This involved scenario projections of agriculture development and land use change as well as providing modeling techniques and methodologies for scaling and analyzing the data. In return, the methodologies developed in the WATCH project have enhanced IIASA’s modeling of water resources within the program's land use and agricultural modeling methodologies, helping it depict global land and water resource issues and potential solutions. As part of WATCH, IIASA was invited by the UK Research Council and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to give a presentation at the China-UK Climate Change and Global Water Cycle workshop held in Beijing in November 2008. IIASA delivered various digital spatial datasets of present and simulated future land use shares to WATCH and delivered the harmonized world soil database (HWSD) to the consortium. FINE Fisheries Induced Evolution (Coordinator) 3 years July 2007 Total European Commission, DG Fisheries and consortium: Maritime Affairs 1,695,545 IIASA: 407,663 • Institute for Marine Research, Norway • French Research Institute for the Sustainable Exploitation of the Sea, France • Technical University of Denmark, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Denmark • Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium • University of Wales, Bangor, UK • Fisheries Research Services, Aberdeen, UK • University of Tromso, Norway • Wageningen IMARES B.V, Netherlands • University of Oslo, Norway • Spanish National Research Council, Spain • Portuguese Research Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries, Portugal • Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Germany The Specific Targeted Research Project on Fisheries-induced Evolution (FinE) analyzed the prevalence and consequence of fisheries-induced adaptive changes in exploited fish stocks of particular relevance to fisheries management in the European Union. This objective was realized through a carefully selected set of empirical phenotypic case studies, the investigation of salient adaptive genetic variation, and through the development of new quantitative models for understanding trends and evaluating management options. The FinE project thus maintains and extends the leading position of European research in the application of innovative evolutionary paradigms to exploited marine eco-systems, delivering insights and recommendations for addressing the overlooked evolutionary dimension of modern fisheries. SafeLand Living with landslide risk in Europe: Assessment, effects of global change, 3 years May 2009 Total European Commission, DG Research consortium: coordinated by International Centre for 6,610,000 Geohazards, Norway IIASA: 347,983 • Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain • AMRA–Analisi e Monitoraggio del Rischio Ambientale Scarl, Italy • Bureau de Recherches Geologiqus et Minieres, France SafeLand is a response to the growing risk of landslides in mountainous regions of Europe due to climate change-related increases in overall rainfall, concentrated rains over short periods, more extreme weather, and increased snowmelts in Alpine regions. The project seeks to develop a better understanding of landslide triggers, better methods for identifying high-risk areas, and improved early warning systems. OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 and risk management strategies (Partner) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Italy European Commission, JRC, Belgium Fundacion Agustin de Betancourt, Spain Aristotelio Panepistimio Thessalonikis, Greece Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften, Germany Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici Scarl, Italy Studio Geotechnico Italiano SRL,Italy Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Italy Stichting International Institute for GeoInformation Science and Earth Observation, Netherlands Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland C.S.G. Centro Servizi di Geoingegneria, Italy Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France King’s College London, UK Geologische Bundesanstalt, Austria, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland TRL Limited, UK Institutut Geologic al Romaniei, Romania Geoloski Zavok Slovenije, Slovenia The project is also creating risk-management and mitigation processes for communities that live under the threat of landslides. During the last century more than 16,000 people were killed by landslides in Europe and property damage topped €1.2 billion. With climate change expected to bring more extreme weather and faster mountain snow melts, the number of landslides is predicted to increase. SafeLand is designed to provide improved landslide risk assessment and management tools, as well as mitigation strategies, to local, regional and European policymakers. The research is intended to provide insight into future risk patterns by analyzing global changes due to both climate and human activity. SafeLand researchers are creating an array of analytical tools that will allow responses to landslide threats to be based on specific, local needs. PASHMINA Paradigm Shifts Modelling and Innovative Approaches (Partner) 3 years Nov. 2009 Total European Commission, DG Research consortium: coordinated by Istituto di Studi per 2,607,193 l'Integrazione dei Sistemi (ISIS), Italy IIASA: 319,300 • Österreichischisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Austria • Univerzita Karlova v Prtaze, Czech Republic • Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain, • Enerdata SA, France • Fondazione eni Enrico Mattei, Italy • Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Germany • MCRIT, S.L, Spain, • Societe de Mathematiques Appliquees et de Sciences Humaines, France • Aarhus Universitet, Denmark PASHMINA is an effort to anticipate and model possible paradigm shifts in the economic, social, technological, and environmental spheres and to understand their implications. The project creates a host of scenarios depicting major changes in energy supplies, agriculture, land use, transportation, and the environment. A central goal of PASHMINA is to avoid the historical tendency of seeing the future as a continuation of the past and instead envision a future that is significantly different from the present. IIASA’s economic, energy, and land-use models (including GLOBIOM and BeWhere) are being integrated with models used by other project consortium members and adapted to make long-range forecasts more sensitive to paradigm shifts. With better models detailing an array of scenarios, policymakers can better anticipate which options to choose and which to avoid. Examining the tradeoffs and the costs and benefits of different strategies is essential if scientists are to identify robust solutions to problems being exacerbated by limited resources and a changing climate. RESPONSES European responses to climate change: deep emissions reductions and mainstreaming of 3.5 years Jan. 2010 Total European Commission consortium: coordinated by Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 3,149,659 IIASA: 395,444 • Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung, Germany • Univ. of East Anglia, UK • European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Belgium • Ministerie van Volkshuisverting, Netherlands RESPONSES is a project to develop strategies that will enable European Union countries to accelerate cuts in greenhouse gas emissions and better adapt to environmental, social, and economic disruptions caused by climate change by identifying a variety of strategies to minimize the threats from climate change. The research is being conducted by a consortium of seven European research institutes and two contributing institutes from China and India. OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 mitigation and adaptation (Partner) MEDIATION Methodology for Effective Decisionmaking on Impacts and Adaptation (Partner) 3.5 years Feb. 2011 AMPERE 3 years Assessment of Feb. 2011 Climate Change Mitigation Pathways and Evaluation of the Robustness of Mitigation Cost Estimates (Partner) Total European Commission, DG Research consortium: coordinated by Stichting Dienst 3,142,744 Lanbouwkundig Onderzoek, ALTERRA IIASA: 208,892 Total consortium: 3,149,489 IIASA: 485,980 • Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain • Institute of Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China • The Energy and Resources Institute, India IIASA is leading the project’s water and agricultural investigations by conducting a case study in Poland’s Upper Warta river basin. The challenge of the river basin, an area facing increasing risks from climate-related floods and droughts, is developing policies that lessen those risks while integrating the sometimes contradictory concerns of other sectors, such as environmental protection versus economic development. The Upper Warta study includes a baseline assessment of current European, Polish and local policies, a vulnerability analysis that examines the effects on water and agriculture of policies that cut carbon emissions, and finally an appraisal of options for future policies. IIASA researchers are also involved in a case study appraising the synergies and conflicts between European renewable energy plans and the funding for renewable energy development as part of the European Union Solidarity Fund. • European Climate Forum (ECF), Germany • European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Italy • Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Germany • Regional Environment Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC), Hungary • SEI Oxford Office Limited, UK • Suomen Ymparistokeskus (SYKE), Finland • Universita Degli Studi Firenze (UNIFI), Italy • Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain • Wageningen Universiteit (WU), Netherlands MEDIATION is developing the sophisticated analytical tools needed by European policymakers to improve adaptation to future social, economic, and physical changes caused by climate change. The goal of the project is to enable policymakers to answer adaptation-related questions in different political contexts, on different geographical scales, and at different stages of policy development. The project is intended to remedy what researchers describe as the “incomplete and fragmented” climate change information currently available to policymakers. In the early stages of the project, IIASA assessed the climate change adaptationrelated tools that would be needed by European policymakers at different levels of government in different countries. Extensive interviews with policymakers were conducted and existing adaptation policy proposals in several EU countries were reviewed. Currently, IIASA researchers are developing databases, models, methods, and metrics to inform economists, risk managers, agricultural specialists and other decision makers. Among these is the CATSIM model, developed and refined over many years at IIASA to improve financial disaster risk management. These analytical tools will be applicable to a variety of adaptation challenges in different regions and political contexts. The tools will not tell decision makers what to do, but will suggest routes that may lead them to solutions. European Commission, DG Research & • Universiteit Utrecht, Netherlands Innovation • Fondazione eni Enrico Mattei, Italy coordinated by Potsdam Institute for Climate • Institute of Communication and Computer Research (PIK) Systems (ICCS), Greece • Centre for European Policy Studies, Belgium • Societe de Mathematiques Appliques et de Sciences Humaines, France • Paul Shcerrer Institut, Switzerland • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France • Enerdata SA, France • European Commission, JRC, Belgium • Universität Stuttgart, Germany • Technische Universität Wien, Austria • Ministerie van Economische Zaken, Landbouw en Innovatie, Netherlands • Universite Paris i Pantheon-Sorbonne, France • Met Office, UK For societies to effectively cope with anthropogenic climate change, ambitious policies are needed that can lead to long-term climate stabilization. Reaching that goal requires the transition from carbon-intensive to low-carbon economies be achieved as quickly as possible. To do that, extensive research is needed to identify good “mitigation pathways” for the transition. The AMPERE project uses state-ofthe-art energy-economy and integrated assessment models to explore possible pathways to cutting greenhouse gas emissions, plus the costs of following those paths. Combining the results from a sizable ensemble of these models, the project focuses on four areas: The role of uncertainty in the understanding of how the climate will respond to anthropogenic forcing and how that uncertainty will affect energy supplies around the world; The role of technology and innovation in the energy sector; The role of political limits to policy such as limited regional participation in climate change regimes; and The implications for Europe of policies to “decarbonize” the energy sector. Using IIASA's MESSAGE and GAINS models, researchers will analyze the effects of different low-carbon technologies on mitigation pathways. Researchers will also look at the effects of climate feedbacks such as a warming-induced increase in methane released from permafrost, which in turn causes more warming. They will additionally OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 Monitoring Monitoring and assessment of sectorial implementation actions (notably related to transport, energy and agriculture) (Coordinator) 2 years Sept. 2011 REDD-PAC 4 years Land-use modeling Nov. 2011 at global and regional scales to support national and regional REDD+ policies (Coordinator) REDD-PAC (cont’d) Total European Commission, DG consortium: Environment/Climate Action 749,912 IIASA: 474,912 • Climate Analytics GmbH, Germany • National Institute for Environmental Studies Incorporated Administrative Agency, Japan • Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Japan • National Development and Reform Commission Energy Research Institute, China • Indian Institute of Management, India use MESSAGE to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic costs of the various mitigation scenarios developed as part of the project. • The Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Belgium • Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), France • Société Anonyme of Environmental and Energy Studies and Software Development (EMISIA), Greece • Institute of Communication and Computer Systems (ICCS), Greece • Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no), Norway • Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek (ALTERRA), Netherlands • Coordination Centre for Effects, national Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM/CCE), Netherlands The 2005 Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution established objectives for the protection of human health and the environment from the adverse impacts of air pollution. In 2010, the Commission developed a work plan for a comprehensive review of the Strategy in the period up to 2013. The Monitoring Project aims to support the European Commission in the review of the Strategy and its related legal instruments on ambient air quality and national emission ceilings through modeling of emission baselines and scenarios for different policy options and their related impacts. Total Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature • UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre consortium: Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany (WCMC) 4,542,098 • Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciasis IIASA: (INPE) 2,161,031 • Central African Forests Commission (COMPIFAC) Policies for achieving REDD+ goals (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forests and increase of forest carbon stocks) under the UNFCCC will have major impacts on land use. Land-use in turn affects economic returns and ecosystem services. Thus, understanding how different policies could influence land use and its effects is essential to support informed decision-making. The REDD-PAC project will develop novel models, data and analysis that can show the multiple effects of land use policies with the goal of identifying REDD+ policies that are economically efficient and socially fair and can safeguard and enhance ecosystem values and help meet the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). These models and tools will help to identify ways of achieving a balance between the multiple goals of REDD+ for each specific regional case. The IIASA global land use model (GLOBIOM), will be used to support high resolution REDD+ planning. GLOBIOM projects land use change by spatially modeling supply and demand for competing agricultural, bioenergy and forest commodities. The project will use GLOBIOM for analysis of different land use policies (including those addressing biodiversity priorities), with a focus on Brazil and the member countries of the Central African Forests Commission (the Congo Basin). Results of GLOBIOM will be used to assess the economic and biodiversity impacts of different REDD+ policy options, and their potential contribution to achieving the CBD’s Aichi Targets, economic growth or food security. Regional partners will lead in identifying and defining policy options for REDD+ and land use. The partners will develop regional versions of GLOBIOM and will improve the models through comparison with land use data and results of other regional studies. The project will provide a global OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 forum for sharing and improving global data on forests and deforestation drivers and developing best practices for national REDD+ and land-use planning. Novel data, tools and analysis will be provided in the project’s website. The project will also support work on multiple benefits from REDD+ with national partners in further six countries (China, Ecuador, Peru, the Philippines, Uganda and Vietnam). The work will be tailored to the specific needs of each country. COMPLEX Knowledge Based Climate Mitigation Systems for a Low Carbon Economy (Partner) 4 years Oct. 2012 IIASA: 231,360 Total consortium: 5,428,606 European Commission, DG Research & Innovation coordinated by University of Newcastle Upon Tyne (UNEW), UK • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ENHANCE Enhancing risk management partnerships for catastrophic natural disasters in Europe (Partner) 4 years Dec. 2012 Total consortium: 5,992,085 IIASA: 462,950 European Commission, DG Research & Innovation coordinated by Stichting VU-VUMC, Netherlands Universiteit Twente, Netherlands Sigtunastiftelsen, Sweden, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Sweden Universita degli Studi di Padova, Italy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France Sintef Energi AS, Norway Observatorio para una Cultura del Territorio Asociacion, Spain Stockholms Universitet, Sweden Scientific Foundation Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Russian Federation Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek–TNO, Netherlands Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l’Environnement et l’Agriculture, France Electricite de France S.A., France University ofSussex, UK BJC3 Basque Centre for climate Change, Spain Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften E.V., Germany • Fondazione eni Enrico Mattei, Italy • Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Germany • London School of Economics and Political Science, UK • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Switzerland • Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium • European Business and Innovation Centre Network, Belgium • Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain • The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford, UK • HKV Lijn in Water BV, Netherlands • European Commission, JRC, Belgium • Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Portugal The transition to a low carbon economy by 2050 will involve irreversible stepchanges in the cultural, economic and natural domains. Current models of climate change and carbon emission assume the immediate past is a reasonable guide to the future. They struggle to represent the complex causal structures and timeasymmetries of many socio-natural systems. The science of complex systems distinguishes linear from non-linear dynamics. Simpler systems can often be satisfactory described by linear models, but complex systems require non-linear models that can capture more of the characteristics of such systems, such as thresholds, feedback loops, avalanche effects, and irreversibility. COMPLEX will integrate the quasi-classic models of meso-scale processes with our best understanding of fine-grained space-time patterns and the system-flips that are likely to occur in the long interval between now and 2050. We believe the subnational region is the key point of entry for studying climate change and its causeeffect interrelations. It is small enough to be sensitive to local factors, large enough to interact with supra-national agencies and stable enough to be historically and culturally distinctive. In addition to undertaking case studies in Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Spain and Italy, We will develop a suite of modeling tools and decisionsupport systems to inform national and supra-national policy and support communities across Europe working to make the transition to a low-carbon economy. The main goal of the ENHANCE project is to develop and analyze new ways to enhance society’s resilience to catastrophic natural hazard impacts, by providing new scenarios and information in selected hazard cases in close collaboration with stakeholders, and by contributing to the development of new multi-sector partnerships (MSPs) to reduce or redistribute risk. Innovation in MSPs is essential, as (ineffective) cooperation between public, private and civil society institutions often leads to failures in risk management. The ENHANCE proposal is unique as it studies the potential for new MSPs for managing different catastrophic hazards, related to heat waves, forest fires, flood, drought, storm surge, and volcanic eruptions. Key to successful partnerships is a common understanding of risks and the implications of proposed risk reduction instruments. Therefore, ENHANCE facilitates a participatory process to develop MSPs in cases studies at different geographical and spatial scales in Europe. The main products of ENHANCE are a) a harmonized dynamic scenarios of vulnerability, exposure, and hazard at the pan-European scale, using existing information and new probabilistic approaches for multi-hazards, heat-waves, forest fires, floods, droughts, storm surges, and volcanic eruptions; b) guidelines and key features for enhancing MSP interaction in successful resilience enhancement and risk reduction, pre-tested via participatory workshops on risk-based scenarios; c) OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 • Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania • Haskoli Islands, Iceland • Universität Potsdam, Germany • The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge, UK • Willis Limited, UK • Empresa Mixta Valenciana de Aguas SA, Spain • Opentrack Railway Technology GmbH, Austria • Perspectives GmbH, Germany • Agenzia Regionale Prevenzione e Ambiente Dell’Emilia-Romagna, Italy • Wadden Sea Forum e.V., Germany • Metacortex – Consultoria e Modelacao de Recursos Naturais SA, Portugal methods for linking MSPs to novel scientific risk scenarios and assessments; d) a toolbox of economic instruments and non-structural mitigation measures at the national, regional, and local levels developed in a participatory manner and aimed at assessing risk and increasing societal resilience; and e) policy recommendations to the EU and HFA signatories delivered through a dissemination platform for enhancing resilience from high political levels to local communities. ENHANCE offers a team that consists of scientific research institutes, public policy organizations including UNISDR, private sector specialists and an NGO that ensure societal relevance and the feasibility of implementation of our deliverables. Within 10 case studies public and private partners will be approached to develop MSPs and to test our methods. Finally, the project will ensure that its products will impact target groups through a dissemination strategy, developed in close collaboration with members of an external advisory board. ForestGov DRC 3 years Improving Forest Jan. 2013 Governance through independent monitoring in the Democratic Republic of Congo Total Norwegian Agency for Development consortium: Cooperation (NORAD) 1,814,799 IIASA: 1,678,478 • Observatoire de la Gouvernance Forestière en Growing resource demand worldwide threatens the future of tropical forests. In the DRC deforestation and degradation are driven by extraction of minerals, timber and RDC (OGF) • Steinbeis-Transferenzentrum FeLis (STZ-FeLis) agricultural products for both domestic and international consumption, as well as population increases at the local level that increases the prevalence of slash and burn agriculture, artisanal logging and charcoal collection. Current efforts to stem deforestation in the DRC remain limited, fragmented and under supported. This project brings together various stakeholders (e.g., government ministries, civil society, industry, etc.), to form an independent forest governance alliance to work towards providing transparency on (1) the actors, causes of deforestation and sustainable responses as well as (2) the inclusion of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in the international REDD+ process. The aim is to build an independent alliance that can efficiently monitor forest governance in the DRC and to promote the conservation of natural forests to maintain their carbon storage capacity. BESTGRID 2.5 years Renewables Grid and April 2013 Public Acceptance Total consortium: 1,956,872 IIASA: 149,180 • • • • • • • Germanwatch e.V., Germany Stichting BirdLife Europe, Netherlands Elia Szstem Operator S.A., Belgium 50Hertz Transmission GmbH, Germany TenneT TSO GmbH, Germany National Grid International Limited, UK Terna Rete Elettrica Nazionale S.p.A., Italy The objective of the BestGrid project is to improve the standard of risk communication practices in power system infrastructure siting decisions in Europe. The project as a whole will center around three pilot projects, led by transmission service operators in Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands, and coordinated by the Renewables Grid Initiative. In these case studies, the developers of new grid projects will apply state of the art practices for risk communication, with the expectation of measurable results in terms of greater public acceptance for the proposed developments. IIASA will lead the scientific aspect of these pilot projects, in two respects (1) by conducting the initial literature review and stakeholder consultation to identify the risk communication practices that are appropriate for each case study, and (2) by overseeing the collection of performance data from the pilot projects, and analyzing those data in order to quantify the impacts of the intervention. SEFIRA Socio-economic implications for individual responses to Air Pollution Total European Commission, DG Res&Innov consortium: coordinated by Università degli Studi di 998,000 Urbino, Italy IIASA: 100,000 • • • • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Consiglio Nayionale Delle Ricerche, Italy Pragma SRL, Italy Sykola Glowna Handlowa W Warszawie, Poland The SEFIRA Project has the objective of creating a European coordination of transdisciplinary scientific and socioeconomic resources in order to support the review and implementation of air quality legislation by the European Commission (EC) led by DG Environment. The EC has now given increased attention to the socioeconomic dimension of air quality policies in order to improve their effectiveness and 3 years June 2013 European Commission, Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI) coordinated by The Climate Shop UG (Renewables-Grid-Initiative), Germany OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 Policies in EU +27 FloodResilience Scientific Insight for Building Long Term Flood Resilience: Devising Smart, Equitable and Incentive-based Flood Risk Management Portfolios • Lunds Universitet, Sweden • King's College London, UK 4 years July 2013 S2BIOM 3 years Delivery of susSept. 2013 tainable supply of non-food biomass to support a "resourceefficient" Bioeconomy in Europe 1,200,000 Zurich Insurance Company Ltd Z Zurich Foundation, Switzerland Total consortium: 3,999,629 IIASA: 161,045 European Commission, DG Research & Innovation coordinated by Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (European and International Cooperation), Germany acceptability. SEFIRA will coordinate some of the best scientific and socioeconomic resources and will review air quality policies and legislation at the interface between environmental, economic and social sciences in order to achieve a deeper understanding of these complex issues. Individual behaviors and choices will be analyzed in a socioeconomic context ranging from the local to the European level. The main fields involved in the action will be atmospheric sciences, environmental and legal sociology, anthropology, geography and economics. The integration of disciplines, the relationship with the most relevant stakeholders and an effective coordination between the SEFIRA consortium and other European projects in the same field will be a priority. The project strategy will support the development of a new European appraisal of problems and resources in the field, and will deploy a pilot survey and a test of policy implementation by innovative models of individual choices analysis and ecosystem services valuation. The toll from natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, cyclones, earthquakes and tsunamis is increasing, as populations rise and more assets are at risk. At the same time climate change is changing the frequency and intensity of climate-related events. While researchers cannot predict the precise location and timing of disastrous events, they can estimate the risk of such events. One of the key hazards is flooding and, as a consequence, flood resilience in many regions and for many different actors, is at stake. Flood resilience is understood as the ability to cope with impacts of floods in a manner that allows essential system functions, such as income creation, provision of services and stability, to be maintained. IIASA researchers are working to determine actions pay off, and how countries and local governments can make smart investment decisions that lead to increased flood resilience and to fewer deaths and less destruction. • Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, UK • Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, Netherlands • Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Ger. • Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft, Austria • European Forest Institute, Finland • Metsantutkimuslaitos, Finland • Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus VTT, Finland • Alma Mater Sudiorum-Universita di Bologna, Italy • Stichting Energieonderyoek Centrum Nederland, Netherlands • Vlaamse Instelling voor technoloisch Onderyoek n.v., Belgium • IINAS - Internationales Institut für Nachhaltigkeitsanalysen und -strategien, Darmstadt, Germany • BVBA Clever Consult, Belgium • Syncom Forschungs- und Entwicklungsberatung GmbH, Germany • Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur GmbH & Co The objectives of the S2BIOM project are to develop Strategies, Roadmaps and Tools (SRT) in support of decision-making at local, regional and Pan-European level for a sustainable and reliable supply of non-food biomass feedstock. This will involve economic, social, environmental and logistics research building on various relevant data and projects. Specific objectives include: (1) Provision of easy information access to current status biomass resources in EU27; Western Balkans, Ukraine and Turkey; (2) Common operating data, models, and tools representing the entire Bioenergy supply chain; (3) Incorporation of models and tools for environmental, economic and social impact analysis; (4) Support for policymaking at local, national, regional and EU27 levels by visualizing the outcomes of proposed policies; (5) Support for future industrial investments; and (6) Improvement of public awareness, education, and outreach. IIASA will assist in developing a tool for assessing sustainable biomass potentials in Europe which will be used to assess optimal logistic chains of biomass supply. OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ECONADAPT 3 years Economics of climate Oct. 2013 adaptation in Europe Total consortium 2,928,618 IIASA 354,334 Planungs KG, Germany B.T.G. Biomass technoloy Group BV, Neth. Ince Iniyiative Centro Europea - Segretariato Esecutivo, Italy Instytut Uprawy Nawoyenia I gleboznawstwa, Panstwowy Instytut Badawczy, Poland Medunarodni Centar Za Odrzivi Razvoj Energetike voda I okolisa, Croatia Ege Universitesi, Turkey Institut National de la rechereche Agronomique, France JRC–Joint research Centre – European Commission, Belgium Fundacion Cener-Ciemat, Spain Funcacion Circe Centro de investigacion de recursos y consumos energeticos, Spain Gozdarski Institut Slovenije, Slovenia Centre for Research and technology Hellas, Greece Renewable Energy Agency civic organization, Ukraine University of Belgrade - Faculty of mechanical Engineering, Serbia Melvyn Frank Askew – Census Bio, UK Biomass Research BV, Netherlands European Commission, DG Research & • Ecologic Institut Gemeinnützige GmbH, Innovation coordinated by University of Bath, Germany UK • BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change – Klima Aldaketa Ikergai, Spain • Stichting VU-VUMC, Netherlands • Potsdam Institut für Klimaforschung, Germany • Agricultural University of Athens, Greece • Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut, Denmark • Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Scarl, Italy • Wageningen University, Netherlands • University of East Anglia, UK • Paul Watkiss Associates LTD, UK • Univerzita Karlova V Praze, Czech Republic • JRC – Joint research Centre – European Commission, Belgium More reliable quantification of the costs of climate-change consequences and assessment of adaptation options is required to further substantiate the economic case for adaptation to climate change. Research will develop and apply new and/or improve existing methodological frameworks for assessing the costs, benefits and effectiveness of climate change adaptation policies and measures in Europe at different levels. Research should focus on the reduction of uncertainties (and cascading uncertainty), increased comparability across different time horizons (short-, medium- and long-term) and geographical scales, better reflection of both monetary and non-monetary costs and benefits of adaptation, and quantification of additional costs of measures/policies due to adaptation to climate change (e.g. for measures/policies that are not solely motivated by the need to adapt to climate change, it is important to be able to better estimate the increase in cost due to climate change as compared to a baseline scenario). Moreover, research should provide methodologies for scaling up information generated and collected at the local level in a bottom-up approach and improve the understanding of the indirect effects of adaptation measures/policies on the overall economy and on growth and jobs IIASA will contribute both in terms of advancing methodology of quantifying the costs of climate-change consequences and assessment of adaptation options and also carry out impact assessments and adaptation studies with focus on agriculture, bioenergy and forestry, and in looking into extremes, mostly against the background of floods. IIASA will also contribute to the development of methods for taking into OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 account uncertainty in decision-making, but also to strategies for uncertainty reductions, which will be valued economically. Consensus 2.5 years Multi-Objective Oct. 2013 Decision Making Tools through Citizen Engagement Total consortium: 2,588,995 IIASA: 387,923 European Commission, Communications Networks, Content and Technology coordinated by Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens SIGMA 3.5 years Stimulating Nov. 2013 Innovation for Global Monitoring of Agriculture and its Impact on the Environment in support of GEOGLAM Total European Commission, DG Research & • Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, consortium: Innovation coordinated Vlaamse Instelling Netherlands 8,750,133 Voor Technologisch Onderzoek N.V., Belgium • Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium IIASA: • Centre de Cooperation International En 800,984 rechereche Agronomique Pour le developpement, France • Universiteit Twente, Netherlands • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States, Italy • Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation • Інститут космічних досліджень Національної академії наук України та • Національного космічного агентства України, Ukraine • JRC – Joint research Centre – European Commission, Belgium • National Satellite Meteorological Center, • IBM Israel – Science and technology LTD, Israel • Athens Technology Center SA, Greece • Universitat Konstanz, Germany • Oxfam Italia Onlus, Italy • WWF – World Wide Fund For nature, Switzerland • European Union Road Federation, Belgium Policy makers are faced on a daily basis with different policy choices and objectives that, more often than not, are subject to inherent conflicts, implying underlying trade-offs that need to be taken into account. For example, if a policymaker wishes to construct a road, he has to consider a number of factors, inter alia, the cost of the investment, its socioeconomic return in terms of social cohesion and economic trade, environmental aspects, safety considerations and so on. How can a policymaker be certain that he has calibrated these different elements in a balanced way? In what could be potentially the solution, the Consensus project will strive to model existing real world cases and deliver the tools that can, in an easy and comprehensive manner, provide policy makers with optimal choices based on a number of relevant criteria. The project will cover two important case studies:: Biofuels and Climate Change (EU Renewable Energy Directive), and Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). In performing the studies, the Consensus Project will involve citizens in the policymaking scheme since their input can potentially become highly valuable in various stages, from the gathering of the necessary data, through formulating public opinion as one of the objectives in the model, to eventually playing the role of exploring the attained tradeoffs and contributing to their weighting. For the case study on European bioenergy policies, IIASA will contribute by using the IIASA developed GLOBIOM model which has been extensively used for assessments of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission effects of bioenergy expansion . GLOBIOM is a global economic model of the agricultural and forestry sectors. In this project, IIASA will improve the biodiversity representation by implementing the WCMC data, and will include a food security module, which enables to go beyond the average per capita calorie availability in the assessments of the social impacts of biofuels. This will enable evaluating the bioenergy targets against a minimum five criteria: energy security, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, farmers income (approximated through producer prices development), and food security. By 2050, global agricultural productivity will need to increase with at least 70%. In order to guarantee food production for future generations, agricultural production will need to be based on sustainable land management practices. At present, earth observation based (global) crop monitoring systems focus mostly on short-term agricultural forecasts, thereby neglecting longer term environmental effects. However, it is well known that unsustainable cultivation practices may lead to a degradation of the (broader) environment resulting in lower agricultural productivity. As such, agricultural monitoring systems need to be complemented with methods to also assess environmental impacts of change in crop land and shifting cultivation practices. It is thereby important that this is addressed at the global level. The Stimulating Innovation for Global Monitoring of Agriculture and its Impact on the Environment in support of GEOLAM (SIGMA) Project is a global partnership of 23 expert institutes in agricultural monitoring, with a strong involvement in GEO and the Global Agricultural Geo-Monitoring (GEO-GLAM) initiative. SIGMA aims to develop innovative methods, based upon the integration of in-situ and earth observation data, to enable the prediction of the impact of crop production on ecosystems and natural resources. Dedicated capacity building activities are also planned to increase national and international capacity to enable sustainable management of agriculture. OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 • • • • • • • • • • • China Deimos Imaging SLU, Spain Sarmap SA, Switzerland Eftas Fernerkundung Technologietransfer GmbH, Germany GeoVille Informationssysteme und datenverarbeitung GmbH, Austria Geosas Consulting service PLC, Ethiopia Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development , Kenya Instituto nacional de tecnologia Agropecuaria, Argentina Gisat S.R.O., Czech Republic SarVision B.V., Netherlands Centre Regional Agrhymet, Niger Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth – Chinese Academy of Sciences, China One central contribution IIASA is making to SIGMA is to the work package which deals with a Global Environmental Impact Assessment of Agricultural land use change using the GLOBIOM model. Increasing global agricultural production will result in either intensification of agriculture or conversion of other land uses into agriculture. Both will have a strong impact on the environment. The overall aim of WP 5 is to develop robust methods to assess the environmental impact of agriculture in the future, in particular on biodiversity, nutrient balances, GHG emissions and water use. Further involvement of IIASA in SIGMA is on the spatial data infrastructure side to enable the free and open flow of data derived from remote sensing and in-situ observations, producing a global environmental stratification to support global yield gap analysis as well as leading the effort of a global in-situ data gap analysis. Moreover, IIASA will provide expert feedback and crowdsourcing tools using the geo-wiki and the geo-wiki mobile (smartphone based) platform to improve essential global datasets (e.g. a global cropland mask) and the amount of in-situ data with respect to land cover and land-use. IIASA also plays an important role in then capacity building activities of the SIGMA project. PMPS 2 years Project Monitoring & Jan. 2014 Policy Scenarios 362,500 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) The overall aim of the project is to take advantage of the most up-to-date Earth Observation technologies to provide IFAD an advanced monitoring platform for its project and to provide support to IFAD strategic vision through analysis of policy scenarios on future agricultural development in Central Africa and how smallholder farming can be influenced in this regions by some specific programs. The objectives are to undertake a land use change analysis at selected IFAD project sites to determine if past projects have been successful and what the impact on the environment was; and to develop a methodology which would allow assessing the impact from different development pathways on small holders at a large scale. WFaS Water Futures and Solutions: World Water Scenarios Initiative 1.5 years Jan. 2014 300,873 Austrian Development Agency (ADA) As a key component of the larger IIASA WFaS Initiative, the WFaS Fast-Track Analysis is a 1.5 year project that will use the collaborations and partnerships of WFaS to develop the first set of consistent, multi-model integrated scenarios across the foodwater-energy-climate nexus, with guidance from the WFaS stakeholder process. It will compile estimates of the future availability of water resources (in space and time) and changes in demand across sectors under various scenarios of climate change and selected shared socio-economic development pathways. The project will enhance current scientific understanding of global water challenges, including major uncertainties, using qualitative descriptions, quantitative projections based on comparisons, and expert opinion and analysis of available information. ALPS5 Modeling Technology and Behavioral Adoption Decisions in IAM Frameworks 6 months July 2014 108,798 Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) This project focuses on actor heterogeneity and interactions as fundamental drivers of the dynamics of change of large complex systems. Actor heterogeneity is empirically well documented. First of all, adoption decisions do not occur simultaneously, but are a temporal process. The diffusion literature thus represents the first perspective on actor heterogeneity by differentiating between innovators, early adopters, (early and late) majority, and finally adoption laggards. The second perspective on actor heterogeneity is a sociological and economic one. Actors differ with respect to their characteristics (such as education and income for individuals, or size and technological competence for firms), which in turn are important determinants of early or late adoption of technologies and practices. A third perspective on actor heterogeneity can be obtained from transaction and knowledge economics: access to and processing of knowledge and the ensuing ease or difficulty OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 of arriving at decisions are another important source of actor heterogeneity and are additional important explanatory variables to explain heterogeneity in adoption decisions, i.e. in technology diffusion. OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL (ERC) EXECUTIVE AGENCY GRANTS HOSTED AT IIASA FutureSoc 5 years Forecasting Societies Mar. 2009 Adaptive Capacities to Climate Change (Coordinator) Total consortium: 2,438,402 IIASA: 2,361,202 European Commission, European Research Council (ERC) Executive Agency • Chulalongkorn University, Thailand FutureSoc is an effort to define the consequences of climate change on future human societies and examine the ability of those societies to cope with the coming changes. Although there is ongoing research assessing the impact of future climate change on the Earth’s physical systems, there are few studies on the likely impacts of global change on human well-being. FutureSoc is an effort to define the likely consequences of future climate change for human societies and define what capacity those societies will have to adapt to the changes. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach to answer questions about our ability to adapt and should inform policy makers about what paths to follow and what first steps to take in implementing adaptation strategies. The study examines global long-term projections of human capital (population by age, sex and education level) as a key element of adaptive capacity. It also analyzes three multi-national studies of key factors involved in past “vulnerability and adaptation” events –the Sahelian drought in North Africa, Hurricane Mitch in Central America, and the Asian tsunami of 2004. FutureSoc includes case studies of the future adaptive capacity of the Phuket region of Thailand, India’s Nicobar Islands, and the island of Mauritius in the southwest Indian Ocean. COHORT (ACC) The demography of skills and beliefs in Europe with a focus on cohort change (Coordinator) 5 years Oct. 2009 981,415 European Commission, European Research Council (ERC) Executive Agency The central research theme of this proposal is the study of social change (skills, productivity, attitudes and beliefs) in Europe along cohort lines and as a function of changing age composition. Using demographic methods, age-specific and cohortspecific changes shall be quantitatively disentangled. The impact of migration flows as well as fertility differentials combined with intergenerational transmissions will be taken into account. It is expected that viewed together, these analyses will result in significant new insights and represent frontier research about likely social and economic challenges associated with ageing and demographic change in Europe and the appropriate policies for coping with them. Desertection 9 Months Social challenges of Jan. 2013 trans-Mediterranean renewable power cooperation 147,735 European Commission, European Research Council (ERC) Executive Agency Developed countries must completely decarbonize their power systems by mid-century if the world is to avoid dangerous climate change, and developing countries will have to follow soon thereafter. This will almost certainly include heavy reliance on renewable energy sources, and could include complete reliance. In the context of such a transition, both sound technical and economic analysis and current events suggest that some degree of cooperation and power system integration between Europe and the neighboring Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region will be attractive, will likely occur, and may even be essential in order to overcome European land constraints. However, the prospect of such cooperation raises a set of related social and governance issues that so far remain under-researched. The goal of this project is to address those challenges, based on the application of the most appropriate research methods, be they qualitative or quantitative, empirical or modeling-oriented. The answers will contribute to the social science literature on sustainable development, ecological modernization, and transitions governance. They will also provide timely insights to policy-makers facing the need to make OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 strategic choices by the end of this decade. Re-ageing Reassessing Ageing from a Population Perspective (Coordinator) 5 years April 2013 2,249,996 European Commission, European Research Council (ERC) Executive Agency Life expectancies in the EU have increased significantly over the past decades and are expected to continue increasing. Age-specific health statuses have also generally been improving. In contrast, the concepts that demographers have used to analyze age and ageing have remained largely static and have rendered current demographic tools inadequate for the analysis of ageing at the population level in the 21st century EU. A better understanding of age and ageing, for both science and policy, requires new tools and new approaches. This project will comprehensively reassess population ageing based on innovative alternative definitions of age and ageing pioneered at IIASA. The new tools will allow age-specific characteristics of people to change over time. Two of the most important of these characteristics are remaining life expectancy and health status. The project will examine the extent to which alternative measures of age can serve as proxies for perceived life spans and how this can help to better understand future patterns of behavior among elderly populations. The new tools will also allow evaluating future changes in policies, such as increases in pension ages. Applications will be primarily to Europe but also to selected countries experiencing rapid population ageing. The results will be of socioeconomic and political importance for the future restructuring of European pension and health systems. CrowdLand Harnessing the power of crowdsourcing to improve land cover and land-use information 5 years April 2014 1,397,200 European Commission, European Research Council Executive Agency (ERC) • Kenyan Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (KALRO), Kenya Information about land cover, land use and the change over time is used for a wide range of applications such as nature protection and biodiversity, forest and water management, urban and transport planning, natural hazard prevention and mitigation, agricultural policies and monitoring climate change. Furthermore, high quality spatially explicit information on land cover change is an essential input variable to land use change modelling, which is increasingly being used to better understand the potential impact of certain policies. The amount of observed land cover change also serves as an important indicator of how well different regional, national and European policies have been implemented. This research project will assess the potential of using crowdsourcing to close these big data gaps in developing and developing countries with a number of case studies and different data collection methods. The overall research objectives are to (1) test the potential of using social gaming to collect land use information; (2) test the potential of using mobile money to collect data in developing countries; (3) understand the data quality collected via crowdsourcing; and (4) apply advanced methods to filer crowdsourced data in order to attain improved accuracy. IMBALANCE-P Managing Phosphorous limitation in a nitrogen-saturated Anthropocene 6 years Sept. 2014 Total consortium: 13,600,579 IIASA: 2,999,865 European Commission, European Research Council Executive Agency (ERC) coordinated by Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona Edifici, Centro De Investigacion Ecologica Yaplicaciones Forestale, Bellatera, Spain • Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium Commissariat A L Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives, France Phosphorus (P) is an earthbound and finite element and the prospect of constrained access to mineable P resources has already triggered geopolitical disputes. In contrast to P, availabilities of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to ecosystems are rapidly increasing in most areas of the globe. The resulting imminent change in the stoichiometry of available elements will have no equivalent in the Earth’s history and will bear profound, yet, unknown consequences for life, the Earth System and human society. The IMBALANCE-P project team of four leading researchers in the fields of ecosystem diversity and ecology, biogeochemistry, Earth System modelling, and global agricultural and resource economics, is formidably positioned to address this Earth System management challenge by providing improved understanding and quantitative foresight needed to formulate a range of policy options that will contain OSR / 15 October 2014 F.3 the risks and mitigate the consequences of stoichiometric imbalances. IMBALANCE-P will integrate some of Europe's leading integrated assessment and Earth system models, calibrated using ecosystem nutrient limitation data obtained from field experiments. The project will establish an international process of science-based Pdiplomacy. OSR / 15 October 2014