Download 1.-ATP-and-phosphorylation

(7) Cellular Respiration
(A) Role of ATP
&
Phosphorylation
(B)
The metabolic
pathway of
respiration:
Glycolysis and the
citric acid cycle
Cellular
Respiration
(C) The metabolic
pathway of
respiration:
electron
transport chain &
ATP synthesis
(E)
Regulation
of pathways
through
feedback
inhibition
(D)
Substrates for
Respiration
Cellular Respiration (a)
• State the role of ATP in the
body
• Describe the structure of ATP
and ADP + Pi
• Define the term
‘phopsphorylation’
Re-cap from last year!
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What does ATP stand for?
How would you draw this molecule?
What does it have to do with energy?
What is ATP used for?
Role of Adenosine Triphosphate
• ATP is used to transfer energy to
synthetic pathways and other cellular
processes where energy is required
(anabolic).
• ATP transfer energy from processes
that make energy (catabolic)
• It acts as a link between the 2 types of
reactions:
Role of Adenosine Triphosphate
Is there enough ATP in the
body?
• Yes!
• The reason for this is because whenever
the body needs it, ATP is produced and
used up straightaway.
• If there is an increase in the demand of
ATP (you go running and your muscles need
energy) then there will automatically be an
increase in the production of ATP.
• ATP is always made the same time it is
used, therefore there is always a constant
quantity of ATP in the body.
Uses of Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP is present in all
living cells and is
required for any
process that requires
energy, for example:
– Muscular contraction
– Making new proteins
– Active transport
– Transmission of nerve
cells
Structure of ATP and ADP + Pi
ATP
• 1 adenosine molecule + 3 inorganic phosphate molecules
Adenosine
Pi
Pi
Pi
Energy-rich bond
ADP + Pi (Adenosine Diphosphate)
• Energy is released when the bond breaks between the
middle and terminal phosphate molecules, and therefore
results in the formation of ADP and Pi (Inorganic
phosphate)
Adenosine
Pi
Pi
Pi
Structure of ATP and ADP + Pi
ADP + Pi can be converted back into ATP,
which results in a reversible reaction:
ATP
High
energy
state
ADP + Pi
Low
energy
state
The regeneration of ATP is an example of
phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
• Phosphorylation is an enzyme controlled
process by which a phosphate group is
added to a molecule.
• As a result, the new molecule is more
reactive.
• Another example would be the
phosphorylation of glucose:
Phosphorylation of glucose
ATP (high
energy)
ADP
Glucose
Glucose-6phosphate (high
energy)
Cellular Respiration (a)
• State the role of ATP in the
body
• Describe the structure of
ATP and ADP + Pi
• Define the term
‘phosphorylation’