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Photosynthesis AND Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 ATP • Stands for adenosine triphosphate • Composed of one adenosine molecule and three phosphate molecules • When a phosphate bond is broken, the energy is released and ADP or adenosine diphosphate forms. ATP/ADP Cycle • Important for 2 reasons: • Relieves the cell of storing too much ATP • Some processes only need ADP energy • Energy is used for making proteins, enzymes, and active transport • Kidneys use ATP to remove waste Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis –uses sun’s energy to make simple sugars which convert into complex carbs like starches • CO2 + H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + O2 • Occurs in chloroplasts • Chlorophyll absorb all light except green, which is reflected Parts of Plants for Photosynthesis • Stomata – gas exchange • Roots – absorb water • Xylem – water for plants • Phloem – glucose for plants • Vascular tissue – transports materials to cells Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration – mitochondria breaks down food molecules to produce ATP • C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP • There are two different types of Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration • Aerobic Respiration – creating ATP with oxygen • Occurs in the mitochondria • Occurs in plant and animal cells • Creates 36 ATP • Anaerobic Respiration – creating ATP with no oxygen required • Occurs in bacteria, yeast, and muscle cells • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Creates 2 ATP • 2 examples Anaerobic Process • Alcoholic Fermentation – makes CO2, ethyl alcohol, and 2 ATP • Makes bread and beer • Lactic Acid Fermentation – makes lactic acid and 2 ATP • Feel burning in muscles • Supplies energy to cells when no oxygen is present
