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Bellringer • What is the name of the molecule that living things use for energy? 1 UNIT 2 PART 3: CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Energy is the ability to do work. • All living things need energy, and they get it from food. Carbs are the main source. • Some energy is released as heat to maintain body temp. • The rest is stored in chemical form. • The reaction takes place in many small steps so energy is not lost. 2 • This energy releasing process is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION. • As the chemical bonds in food are broken, energy is released. • The energy released is used to change ADP into 3 ATP. ATP – the energy molecule ~ ~ High energy bonds where energy is stored ADP has only 2 phosphate groups. During cellular respiration the energy released by the breakdown of food is used to attach another P group to ADP making it ATP. 4 When the last P is removed from ATP, the energy is transferred to another molecule to do work like cell growth, repair, or transport. 5 Cellular respiration uses the simplest form of carbs obtained from digestion - glucose One molecule of glucose (C6H12O6,), an organic molecule, can make 38 ATP molecules (energy storage in the cell) Cellular respiration can be written as: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (ATP) 6 There are two types of respiration • Anaerobic – Does not use oxygen – Food is not broken down completely – Little energy is released (4 ATPs) – Alcohol or lactic acid are wastes (Fermentation) – Occurs in cytoplasm • Aerobic – Uses oxygen – Food is broken down completely – A lot of energy is released (38 ATPs) – Carbon dioxide and water are wastes – Occurs in mitochondria 7 OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION cytoplasm Net total: 2 ATP 2 ATPs Alcoholic fermentation (yeast) 2 ethyl alcohol + 2 CO2 Lactic acid fermentation (bacteria) 2 Lactic acid 4 ATPs glucose glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid mitochondrion AEROBIC RESPIRATION Net total: 36 ATP A c e t y l C o A 6 CO2 + Krebs cycle Electron 6 H2 O + Transport Chain 34 ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP8 MUSCLE FATIGUE • Muscle cells use aerobic respiration. • During prolonged periods of exercise muscles sometimes don’t get enough oxygen so they use anaerobic respiration. • This produces lactic acid which can build up in the muscles making them sore. • Need to rest to recover. 9 Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration in cytoplasm in mitochondria 2 ATP 2 ____ Word Bank: Pyruvic acid, H2O, CO2, CO2, Lactic Acid, Alcohol, ATP, ATP, ADP, Glucose, O2 1 _______ 4 ADP 34 ADP 4 ____ 34 ____ 6 ________ & 2 ______ _____ Yeast Bacteria 2 ________ & 2 _______ 2 __________ _______ 6 ________ 10