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Transcript
BLAZING AWAY!!!! Natural Gas (2.1) • What is the chemical name for natural gas? • What are the properties and formula of methane? • What gas in the air is used up when methane burns? • What 2 substances are formed when methane burns completely? • How can you test for these 2 substances? Combustion (2.1) • What is combustion? • Why does a bunsen burn more fiercely with the air-hole open? • Why is combustion said to be an exothermic reacion? • What do the products of combustion of methane prove about methane itself? Alkanes (2.2) • What are the names and uses of some common alkane mixtures? • What is a hydrocarbon? • What 2 substances are formed when a hydrocarbon burns completely? • What are the differences between a molecular formula and a structural formula? Alkanes (2.2) • Can you draw the structural formula for the first 10 alkanes? • What is the molecular formula for the first 10 alkanes? • Can you name the first 10 alkanes? • What is the word equation for any alkane burning in oxygen? Homologous Series (2.2) • What is the rule for working out the number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane molecule? • What is a homologous series, and why are the alkanes an example of one? • What is the general formula for the alkanes? • Why are the products of combustion the same for every alkane? Fossil Fuels (2.3) • Can you explain how coal and oil were formed (where, what from, how long it took)? • Why are coal, oil and gas referred to as fossil fuels? • What is crude oil, and why does it have to be refined? Fractional Distillation (2.3) • How can distillation be used to separate the liquids in crude oil? • What are fractions? • As the boiling point of a fraction increases, what happens to the speed of evaporation, viscosity and flammability? Fractional Distillation (2.3) • How does the size of a molecule change as the boiling point of a fraction increases? • What are some of the fractions distilled from crude oil and what are they are used for? • What are the typical numbers of carbon atoms in each of the fractions? Alkenes (2.4) • How are alkenes similar to alkanes in their properties? • Can you describe the chemical test for telling an alkane and an alkene apart? • How are alkenes made from alkanes? • What is the main type of substance made from alkenes? Alkenes (2.4) • Why are alkenes also hydrocarbons? • What is meant by a double bond? • Can you name and draw the structural formula of the first 10 alkenes? • Can you work out the molecular formula of the first 10 alkenes? Alkenes (2.4) • What is the word equation for any alkene burning in oxygen? • What is the functional group in an alkene? • How can you work out the number of hydrogen atoms in an alkene molecule if you know the number of carbon atoms? Alkenes (2.4) • Why does methene not exist? • What is the general formula for the alkenes? • Why do alkenes give the same combustion products as alkanes? Carbon (2.5) • What are the symbol and properties of carbon? • Where are natural diamonds formed? • What are the properties of diamond? • Can you name 3 different forms of carbon? Carbon (2.5) • Can you draw a diagram of the experiment you would use to prove the products of combustion of carbon or a hydrocarbon? • What is the word and formula equation for carbon burning in air? • What is carbon dioxide used for? Carbon (2.5) • What is the formula of carbon monoxide, and how is it formed? • Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? • What is formed when carbon monoxide burns in air? Pollution (2.6) • What are the main chemicals emitted from car exhausts? Which of these are considered to be pollutants? • What can be done to reduce this pollution? • What is a catalyst? • Which metals are used as catalysts in catalytic converters? Cracking (2.7/2.8) • What does cracking mean in chemistry? • Can you describe an experiment to demonstrate the cracking of an alkane? • What is the purpose of the steel wool in the cracking experiment? Cracking (2.7/2.8) • How do the results of the experiment show the products to be a mixture of alkanes and alkenes? • What are the important safety points in the cracking experiment? Cracking (2.7/2.8) • Which fractions from crude oil are most in demand? • How do oil refineries meet this demand? • What is a catalytic cracker? • Why are the products of cracking then passed through a fractionating column? Saturation (2.7) • What do the words saturated and unsaturated mean? Give examples. • What is the chemical test for unsaturation in hydrocarbons? • What is an addition reaction? Give an example. Isomers (2.9) • • • • What are isomers? Can you draw some alkane isomers? What is a cycloalkane? Can you name the first ten cycloalkanes, and give their molecular and structural formulae? • What is the general formula of cycloalkanes and why are they isomeric with the alkenes?