Application of Novel Phosphine Ligands in Palladium
... rate-determining for the whole reaction. The third part of catalyzed reactions constitutes the transformations promoted by biomolecules, namely enzymes. Thus, nature can be considered as the world’s leading catalyst designer providing the most selective, active and complex catalysts. Biocatalysis is ...
... rate-determining for the whole reaction. The third part of catalyzed reactions constitutes the transformations promoted by biomolecules, namely enzymes. Thus, nature can be considered as the world’s leading catalyst designer providing the most selective, active and complex catalysts. Biocatalysis is ...
direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and hydrogen
... Figure 2 Chemical principle of the AO process........................................................................... 10 Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the AO process .......................................................................... 11 Figure 4 Flow sheet of a typical AO process for the p ...
... Figure 2 Chemical principle of the AO process........................................................................... 10 Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the AO process .......................................................................... 11 Figure 4 Flow sheet of a typical AO process for the p ...
Spillover in Heterogeneous Catalysis - ACS Publications
... metal into atomic H, which then spills over onto the oxide support. Because most of the initial studies of spillover involved Hz, spillover was envisioned to involve spillover of atoms formed by dissociation of adsorbing molecules. However, adsorbing species can only partially dissociate or even ret ...
... metal into atomic H, which then spills over onto the oxide support. Because most of the initial studies of spillover involved Hz, spillover was envisioned to involve spillover of atoms formed by dissociation of adsorbing molecules. However, adsorbing species can only partially dissociate or even ret ...
Perfumery_Synthetics_and_Isolates_pg_283
... the first two oils mentioned, and they therefore constitute very convenient sources of this valuable alcohol. Highly efficient distilling columns are used to effect separation of linalool from other components of the oil consisting mainly of terpene hydrocarbons and alcohols other than linalool. Sin ...
... the first two oils mentioned, and they therefore constitute very convenient sources of this valuable alcohol. Highly efficient distilling columns are used to effect separation of linalool from other components of the oil consisting mainly of terpene hydrocarbons and alcohols other than linalool. Sin ...
Chem Soc Rev
... where metal cation Mn+ and surface O2 act as the Lewis acid site and strong base site, respectively. Oxidation of fluorocarbon (CH3F) over basic oxides (Sm2O3 and Li/MgO) was studied under oxidative methane coupling (OMC) conditions.25 The conversion rate of CH3F is an order of magnitude larger tha ...
... where metal cation Mn+ and surface O2 act as the Lewis acid site and strong base site, respectively. Oxidation of fluorocarbon (CH3F) over basic oxides (Sm2O3 and Li/MgO) was studied under oxidative methane coupling (OMC) conditions.25 The conversion rate of CH3F is an order of magnitude larger tha ...
Catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen
... The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx) give rise to acidification of the environment. NOx and SOx are converted in the atmosphere to give nitric and sulphuric acid. However emission of ammonia causes acidification of the environment in an indirect way. Reaction of ammonia wi ...
... The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx) give rise to acidification of the environment. NOx and SOx are converted in the atmosphere to give nitric and sulphuric acid. However emission of ammonia causes acidification of the environment in an indirect way. Reaction of ammonia wi ...
Ozone decomposition
... When the ozone concentration exceeds 15–20% it has a blue color. At atmospheric pressure and temperature of 161.3 K, the ozone becomes fluid and is of deep blue color. It cures at 80.6 K by acquiring a dark purple color (Lunin et al., 1998). Ozone is explosive in all three physical conditions. Work ...
... When the ozone concentration exceeds 15–20% it has a blue color. At atmospheric pressure and temperature of 161.3 K, the ozone becomes fluid and is of deep blue color. It cures at 80.6 K by acquiring a dark purple color (Lunin et al., 1998). Ozone is explosive in all three physical conditions. Work ...
CHEMICAL AND PROCESS DESIGN HANDBOOK
... Chemicals are part of our everyday lives. The hundreds of chemicals that are manufactured by industrial processes influence what we do and how we do it. This book offers descriptions and process details of the most popular of those chemicals. The manufacture of chemicals involves many facets of chem ...
... Chemicals are part of our everyday lives. The hundreds of chemicals that are manufactured by industrial processes influence what we do and how we do it. This book offers descriptions and process details of the most popular of those chemicals. The manufacture of chemicals involves many facets of chem ...
Rhenium- and molybdenum-catalyzed dehydration reactions
... derfunctionalized, lignocellulosic biomass-based compounds have an O : C ratio close to one and are highly functionalized with hydroxyl groups. Therefore a completely different type of chemistry is required to acquire building blocks from lignocellulosic biomass suitable for the chemical industry: ...
... derfunctionalized, lignocellulosic biomass-based compounds have an O : C ratio close to one and are highly functionalized with hydroxyl groups. Therefore a completely different type of chemistry is required to acquire building blocks from lignocellulosic biomass suitable for the chemical industry: ...
A Review of Surface Analysis Techniques for the
... pharmaceuticals, clean fuels, etc., as well as pollution abatement technologies, have a common catalytic origin. As catalysis proceeds at the surface, it is of paramount importance to gain insight into the fundamental understanding of local surface chemistry, which in turn governs the catalytic perf ...
... pharmaceuticals, clean fuels, etc., as well as pollution abatement technologies, have a common catalytic origin. As catalysis proceeds at the surface, it is of paramount importance to gain insight into the fundamental understanding of local surface chemistry, which in turn governs the catalytic perf ...
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
... the second director Academician Kirill I. Zamaraev. Hope, the readers will feel that themselves, when comparing the materials of this and previous issues of the Annual Review, which can be easily found at the website of BIC. The BIC has a strategic collaboration with some both Russian and foreign in ...
... the second director Academician Kirill I. Zamaraev. Hope, the readers will feel that themselves, when comparing the materials of this and previous issues of the Annual Review, which can be easily found at the website of BIC. The BIC has a strategic collaboration with some both Russian and foreign in ...
couverture these PRES Toulouse M ESCARCEGA 2011
... catalysts as “homogeneous”, relating it to its possessing only a single type of active site and if having many active sites as “heterogeneous” catalysts.10 In particular, homogeneous asymmetric catalysis provides a powerful tool for the synthesis of optically active molecules such as fine chemicals ...
... catalysts as “homogeneous”, relating it to its possessing only a single type of active site and if having many active sites as “heterogeneous” catalysts.10 In particular, homogeneous asymmetric catalysis provides a powerful tool for the synthesis of optically active molecules such as fine chemicals ...
Carbon dioxide capture and utilization in petrochemical industry
... Abstract The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is an ever-increasing challenge for production units and power plants in view of the global warming concerns. Carbon dioxide capturing from petrochemical process streams and flares has been recognized as one of the several strategies necessary for m ...
... Abstract The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is an ever-increasing challenge for production units and power plants in view of the global warming concerns. Carbon dioxide capturing from petrochemical process streams and flares has been recognized as one of the several strategies necessary for m ...
Catalytic decomposition of N2O over Rh/Zn–Al2O3 catalysts
... particle size seen by TEM. The key observation here is that the addition of ZnO onto commercial Al2O3 can stabilize Rh2O3 particles, and the calcination of ZnO/Al2O3 at 800 C can exert such an effect more obviously. Fig. 5 shows the Rh 3d XPS spectra of fresh catalysts. Peaks assigned to Rh 3d5/2 a ...
... particle size seen by TEM. The key observation here is that the addition of ZnO onto commercial Al2O3 can stabilize Rh2O3 particles, and the calcination of ZnO/Al2O3 at 800 C can exert such an effect more obviously. Fig. 5 shows the Rh 3d XPS spectra of fresh catalysts. Peaks assigned to Rh 3d5/2 a ...
Formic acid oxidation reaction on a PdxNiy bimetallic nanoparticle
... However, recent works revealed that the electrocatalytic stability of the Pd catalyst used in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) still remains unsatisfactory. Thus, to augment the electrocatalytic stability of the Pd catalyst, various Pd-based catalysts, such as PdeIr [8], PdeAu [9] and PdeCo [1 ...
... However, recent works revealed that the electrocatalytic stability of the Pd catalyst used in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) still remains unsatisfactory. Thus, to augment the electrocatalytic stability of the Pd catalyst, various Pd-based catalysts, such as PdeIr [8], PdeAu [9] and PdeCo [1 ...
Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts
... the catalyst or a reactant during the reaction. This can take place in a homogeneous or heterogeneous system. One example is the utilization of semiconductor catalysts (titanium, zinc, and iron oxides) for photochemical degradation of organic substances, e.g., on selfcleaning surfaces. In biocatalys ...
... the catalyst or a reactant during the reaction. This can take place in a homogeneous or heterogeneous system. One example is the utilization of semiconductor catalysts (titanium, zinc, and iron oxides) for photochemical degradation of organic substances, e.g., on selfcleaning surfaces. In biocatalys ...
Abdullah F. Eid
... easily available; these are the most important for catalysis. In this thesis HPAs are understood as the Keggin acids, unless otherwise stated. The crystal structure of HPAs depends on the amount of hydration water. This water can be easily removed on heating, whereby the acid strength is increased d ...
... easily available; these are the most important for catalysis. In this thesis HPAs are understood as the Keggin acids, unless otherwise stated. The crystal structure of HPAs depends on the amount of hydration water. This water can be easily removed on heating, whereby the acid strength is increased d ...
Combustion characteristics
... Thermal flames are almost always established in a gas phase: in a fuel/air gas mixture or in the fuel vapours diffusing in air, from liquid or solid fuels. Only refractory fuels like coal to some extent, tantalum or zirconium, burn at the solid surface; iron and titanium, having intermediate melting ...
... Thermal flames are almost always established in a gas phase: in a fuel/air gas mixture or in the fuel vapours diffusing in air, from liquid or solid fuels. Only refractory fuels like coal to some extent, tantalum or zirconium, burn at the solid surface; iron and titanium, having intermediate melting ...
Role of Chemical Reaction Engineering in Sustainable
... Oxidation reactions are important in producing many fine chemicals, monomers and intermediates. O2, H2O2 and HNO3 are common oxidants used in these reactions, with oxygen being the most benign oxidant. We will particularly talk about n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride in this section and discuss ...
... Oxidation reactions are important in producing many fine chemicals, monomers and intermediates. O2, H2O2 and HNO3 are common oxidants used in these reactions, with oxygen being the most benign oxidant. We will particularly talk about n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride in this section and discuss ...
Unit- 5.pmd
... balanced but on the surface the particles are not surrounded by atoms or molecules of their kind on all sides, and hence they possess unbalanced or residual attractive forces. These forces of the adsorbent are responsible for attracting the adsorbate particles on its surface.The extent of adsorptio ...
... balanced but on the surface the particles are not surrounded by atoms or molecules of their kind on all sides, and hence they possess unbalanced or residual attractive forces. These forces of the adsorbent are responsible for attracting the adsorbate particles on its surface.The extent of adsorptio ...
heterogeneous chiral catalyst derived from hydrolyzed
... The absolute configuration is one of two ways of distinguishing between enantiomers and is the best way because it gives information about the spatial arrangement of the substituents around the stereogenic centre of the molecule. The other way of distinguishing between enantiomers is by optical rota ...
... The absolute configuration is one of two ways of distinguishing between enantiomers and is the best way because it gives information about the spatial arrangement of the substituents around the stereogenic centre of the molecule. The other way of distinguishing between enantiomers is by optical rota ...
From Organometallic Zinc and Copper Complexes to Highly
... methanol detection by the GC-instrument), reaching a steady state after ~2 h and remaining at this level for the duration of each experiment (12 h). Initially, ethane was also detected, but production ceased by 5 hours (Fig. S7). It is proposed that the ethane evolution results from the reaction of ...
... methanol detection by the GC-instrument), reaching a steady state after ~2 h and remaining at this level for the duration of each experiment (12 h). Initially, ethane was also detected, but production ceased by 5 hours (Fig. S7). It is proposed that the ethane evolution results from the reaction of ...
Unit 5 Organic Chemistry
... fuels. They are also the primary sources of hydrocarbons—compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons are the starting points in the synthesis of thousands of products, including specific fuels, plastics, and synthetic fibres. Some hydrocarbons are obtained directly by ph ...
... fuels. They are also the primary sources of hydrocarbons—compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons are the starting points in the synthesis of thousands of products, including specific fuels, plastics, and synthetic fibres. Some hydrocarbons are obtained directly by ph ...
Sustainable Oxidation Catalysis for Synthesis
... ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by oxidation and annealing of Pt3Zr or Pd3Zr single crystals [1]. Ni was then deposited by physical vapor deposition. Ni particles supported by ZrO2 are widely used in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, such as for reforming reactions. Cobalt oxide is a highly active hetero ...
... ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by oxidation and annealing of Pt3Zr or Pd3Zr single crystals [1]. Ni was then deposited by physical vapor deposition. Ni particles supported by ZrO2 are widely used in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, such as for reforming reactions. Cobalt oxide is a highly active hetero ...
Chemical Engineering Report Series
... perform two or more process steps simultaneously and not one after another as it is traditionally done. An example of this is reactive distillation (RD). RD combines chemical reaction and distillation into a single process unit. In some applications, when reaction equilibrium prevents high conversio ...
... perform two or more process steps simultaneously and not one after another as it is traditionally done. An example of this is reactive distillation (RD). RD combines chemical reaction and distillation into a single process unit. In some applications, when reaction equilibrium prevents high conversio ...
Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases, and other products. Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking, which has been almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking because it produces more gasoline with a higher octane rating. It also produces byproduct gases that are more olefinic, and hence more valuable, than those produced by thermal cracking.The feedstock to an FCC is usually that portion of the crude oil that has an initial boiling point of 340 °C or higher at atmospheric pressure and an average molecular weight ranging from about 200 to 600 or higher. This portion of crude oil is often referred to as heavy gas oil or vacuum gas oil (HVGO). The FCC process vaporizes and breaks the long-chain molecules of the high-boiling hydrocarbon liquids into much shorter molecules by contacting the feedstock, at high temperature and moderate pressure, with a fluidized powdered catalyst.