environmental review of petroleum industry effluents analysis
... The present report deals with environmental issues in refineries and petrochemical processes. More precisely gaseous, liquid and solid effluents from processes are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively when possible. Techniques to treat these effluents are reviewed or proposed when lacking and m ...
... The present report deals with environmental issues in refineries and petrochemical processes. More precisely gaseous, liquid and solid effluents from processes are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively when possible. Techniques to treat these effluents are reviewed or proposed when lacking and m ...
EFFECT OF LEWIS ACID IN TiCl4/MgCl2/THF/AlCl3 CATALYST
... ethylene with the pressure of 50 psi was performed to start polymerization reaction and the amount of ...
... ethylene with the pressure of 50 psi was performed to start polymerization reaction and the amount of ...
Unit Chemistry C1b Question paper
... A student tested four oils, K, L, M and N, to find out which was the most unsaturated. ...
... A student tested four oils, K, L, M and N, to find out which was the most unsaturated. ...
DME Rate Equations
... Experiments were performed at temperatures ranging o from 230 to 300 C and a constant pressure of 8 barg. Prior to catalytic testing, the samples were crushed and sieved to fine powders. In each experimental run, ca. 2 g of catalyst (grain size, 150 µm) was loaded in the reactor having two stainless ...
... Experiments were performed at temperatures ranging o from 230 to 300 C and a constant pressure of 8 barg. Prior to catalytic testing, the samples were crushed and sieved to fine powders. In each experimental run, ca. 2 g of catalyst (grain size, 150 µm) was loaded in the reactor having two stainless ...
Ceramics for catalysis
... products that may react further in consecutive reactions to yield secondary products. Selectivity is an important catalyst property, serving as a measure of the extent to which a particular catalyst promotes the formation of a “target” product, i.e., the ability of the catalyst to direct conversion ...
... products that may react further in consecutive reactions to yield secondary products. Selectivity is an important catalyst property, serving as a measure of the extent to which a particular catalyst promotes the formation of a “target” product, i.e., the ability of the catalyst to direct conversion ...
Intermediate 1 Unit 2 Homework 5
... What two substances are formed when a hydrocarbon burns in a plentiful supply of air? ...
... What two substances are formed when a hydrocarbon burns in a plentiful supply of air? ...
IOSR Journal of Mechanical & Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X
... Because trace amounts of soaps remain in the oil, the oil is either washed with water or treated with Silica. Some processors prefer not to perform caustic neutralizing. Instead, they prefer Physical Refining in which the FFAs are evaporated from the oil under high temperature and vacuum. This proce ...
... Because trace amounts of soaps remain in the oil, the oil is either washed with water or treated with Silica. Some processors prefer not to perform caustic neutralizing. Instead, they prefer Physical Refining in which the FFAs are evaporated from the oil under high temperature and vacuum. This proce ...
Understanding the Role of Aqueous Solution in Chemical Reactions
... Water is a unique solvent due its structure and reactivity. The ability of a water molecule to form hydrogen bonds is its most important characteristic. In liquid water, each molecule typically donates and accepts two hydrogen bonds. This structure significantly enhances water’s ability to accept or ...
... Water is a unique solvent due its structure and reactivity. The ability of a water molecule to form hydrogen bonds is its most important characteristic. In liquid water, each molecule typically donates and accepts two hydrogen bonds. This structure significantly enhances water’s ability to accept or ...
Comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
... (SI) engine vehicles and the latter is used in compression ignition (CI) engine vehicles. These fuels take a long span of time in its formation and are considered a non-renewable source of energy. Out of the various modes of transportation, road emission amounts for 80% of emissions followed by rail ...
... (SI) engine vehicles and the latter is used in compression ignition (CI) engine vehicles. These fuels take a long span of time in its formation and are considered a non-renewable source of energy. Out of the various modes of transportation, road emission amounts for 80% of emissions followed by rail ...
Biodiesel preparation in batch emulgation reactor
... nearly all countries (therefore these countries are less dependent on crude-oil imports). Biodiesel does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds and halogenides [1]. Biodiesel contains about 10 % of oxygen which supports burning, thus the emission of ash and smokiness are less ...
... nearly all countries (therefore these countries are less dependent on crude-oil imports). Biodiesel does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds and halogenides [1]. Biodiesel contains about 10 % of oxygen which supports burning, thus the emission of ash and smokiness are less ...
CELSA - Collaborative research project - Application form
... Project title: Concerto for solids and biocatalysts - Cascade biocatalysis and heterogeneous catalysis for fine chemicals production (ConSolid) Summary: Complex pharmaceuticals often have the desired medical effect only in one ‘enantiomeric’ form, while the mirror image may have no or even adverse e ...
... Project title: Concerto for solids and biocatalysts - Cascade biocatalysis and heterogeneous catalysis for fine chemicals production (ConSolid) Summary: Complex pharmaceuticals often have the desired medical effect only in one ‘enantiomeric’ form, while the mirror image may have no or even adverse e ...
TiO2-Organics
... Machines or specially designed equipment are needed in this field because inconveniences and detrimental factors in direct solar photolysis are the lack of sunlight absorption by the substrates, attenuation of the sunlight, and the relatively shallow penetration depth of sunlight in natural aquatic ...
... Machines or specially designed equipment are needed in this field because inconveniences and detrimental factors in direct solar photolysis are the lack of sunlight absorption by the substrates, attenuation of the sunlight, and the relatively shallow penetration depth of sunlight in natural aquatic ...
Practical and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to
... oxidation of alcohols under aerobic conditions; ranging from monomeric complexes to metal clusters in different oxidation states, supported on a variety of metarials.11-15 In this work, Ru/Al2O3 was chosen as it is commercially available at a reasonable cost, thus accessible to most synthetic labora ...
... oxidation of alcohols under aerobic conditions; ranging from monomeric complexes to metal clusters in different oxidation states, supported on a variety of metarials.11-15 In this work, Ru/Al2O3 was chosen as it is commercially available at a reasonable cost, thus accessible to most synthetic labora ...
Appendix 3 Overview of Oil Refining Process
... Crude oil typically contains a small percentage of water and salts dissolved in the water. Because the salts are considered contaminants, after the pre-heating process the heated crude oil is next sent to a “desalter,” where these contaminants are removed. This protects the downstream equipment from ...
... Crude oil typically contains a small percentage of water and salts dissolved in the water. Because the salts are considered contaminants, after the pre-heating process the heated crude oil is next sent to a “desalter,” where these contaminants are removed. This protects the downstream equipment from ...
ISOMERIZATION OF n-HEXANE ON Pt/SO4
... isomerization in a catalyst bed in the presence of hydrogen (Fig. 4) was designed at the Petroleum and Petrochemical Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology. The apparatus consists of a hydrogen system, systems for feed drying, dosing pumps, tubular reactor with outlet cooler, slo ...
... isomerization in a catalyst bed in the presence of hydrogen (Fig. 4) was designed at the Petroleum and Petrochemical Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology. The apparatus consists of a hydrogen system, systems for feed drying, dosing pumps, tubular reactor with outlet cooler, slo ...
Modelling Mass Transfer in Nitrification Processes Using
... thorough investigation of oxide lattice structure. Initially catalyst samples were studied under vacuum, then single crystals were investigated under reaction conditions, and recently “in-situ” studies are being conducted using real catalysts. The experiments are very difficult to conduct and are ve ...
... thorough investigation of oxide lattice structure. Initially catalyst samples were studied under vacuum, then single crystals were investigated under reaction conditions, and recently “in-situ” studies are being conducted using real catalysts. The experiments are very difficult to conduct and are ve ...
In situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Supported Molten Salt
... role in a number of industrial processes, which due to the associated sulfur oxide emissions have significant environmental impact. Although the main source of SO2 emissions to the atmosphere is the coal-fired power generation, large amounts of SO2 are also emitted from sulfuric acid manufacturers a ...
... role in a number of industrial processes, which due to the associated sulfur oxide emissions have significant environmental impact. Although the main source of SO2 emissions to the atmosphere is the coal-fired power generation, large amounts of SO2 are also emitted from sulfuric acid manufacturers a ...
Industrial Chemistry - Deans Community High School
... Once a new drug is discovered, it will be patented, the licence lasting 20 years. Many years of trials may be needed before the drug even becomes commercially available. The Government is also involved in this process, providing the necessary licensing for the new drug. The Chemical Industry earns £ ...
... Once a new drug is discovered, it will be patented, the licence lasting 20 years. Many years of trials may be needed before the drug even becomes commercially available. The Government is also involved in this process, providing the necessary licensing for the new drug. The Chemical Industry earns £ ...
Title - Iowa State University
... 3. Which of the following statements about catalysts is false? a. A catalyst will speed up the rate of a reaction. b. Catalysts are used in very many commercially important chemical reactions. c. Catalytic converters are examples of heterogeneous catalysts. d. A catalyst can cause a nonspontaneous r ...
... 3. Which of the following statements about catalysts is false? a. A catalyst will speed up the rate of a reaction. b. Catalysts are used in very many commercially important chemical reactions. c. Catalytic converters are examples of heterogeneous catalysts. d. A catalyst can cause a nonspontaneous r ...
Gaseous fuel
... In this process, the heavy oil charge is passed through a preheater, where the oil is vaporized & heated to cracking temperature (420-4500C). The hot vapour are passed to the catalytic chamber containing catalyst. In a catalytic chamber also the temp. is maintained at 420 to 4500C & a pressure of 1. ...
... In this process, the heavy oil charge is passed through a preheater, where the oil is vaporized & heated to cracking temperature (420-4500C). The hot vapour are passed to the catalytic chamber containing catalyst. In a catalytic chamber also the temp. is maintained at 420 to 4500C & a pressure of 1. ...
Chapter 12
... •Complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the alkane series •May vary much in appearance, composition, and purity •Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products: fuels & solvents •Can be altered into: fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics •Think of the impact of a substant ...
... •Complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the alkane series •May vary much in appearance, composition, and purity •Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products: fuels & solvents •Can be altered into: fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics •Think of the impact of a substant ...
anna-chrobok-silesian-university-of-technology
... reaction conditions: benzyl alcohol (5 mmol), TEMPO (0.5 mmol), 0.35g of catalyst containing 0.075 mmol of CuCl2, oxygen at atmospheric pressure, 65 oC; isolated yields after 7 h with 98% conversion of benzyl alcohol ...
... reaction conditions: benzyl alcohol (5 mmol), TEMPO (0.5 mmol), 0.35g of catalyst containing 0.075 mmol of CuCl2, oxygen at atmospheric pressure, 65 oC; isolated yields after 7 h with 98% conversion of benzyl alcohol ...
Catalysis
... 4. Enzyme catalysed reactions are much more sensitive to catalytic poisons such as HCN, H2S, CS2 etc. The inhibitors interact with the active functional groups present on the enzyme surface and often reduce or completely destroy the catalytic activity of the enzymes 5. The activity of certain enzym ...
... 4. Enzyme catalysed reactions are much more sensitive to catalytic poisons such as HCN, H2S, CS2 etc. The inhibitors interact with the active functional groups present on the enzyme surface and often reduce or completely destroy the catalytic activity of the enzymes 5. The activity of certain enzym ...
Module 1 Introduction to Heterogeneous Reactors and Application
... • Tighter control on operating conditions is essential (e.g., pH, temperature, substrate and product concentrations, dissolved O2 concentration) • Pathways can be turned on/off by the microorganism through expression of certain enzymes depending on the substrate and operating conditions, leading to ...
... • Tighter control on operating conditions is essential (e.g., pH, temperature, substrate and product concentrations, dissolved O2 concentration) • Pathways can be turned on/off by the microorganism through expression of certain enzymes depending on the substrate and operating conditions, leading to ...
Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases, and other products. Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking, which has been almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking because it produces more gasoline with a higher octane rating. It also produces byproduct gases that are more olefinic, and hence more valuable, than those produced by thermal cracking.The feedstock to an FCC is usually that portion of the crude oil that has an initial boiling point of 340 °C or higher at atmospheric pressure and an average molecular weight ranging from about 200 to 600 or higher. This portion of crude oil is often referred to as heavy gas oil or vacuum gas oil (HVGO). The FCC process vaporizes and breaks the long-chain molecules of the high-boiling hydrocarbon liquids into much shorter molecules by contacting the feedstock, at high temperature and moderate pressure, with a fluidized powdered catalyst.