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The Ear Perry C. Hanavan Outer Ear • Peripheral – Outer ear – Middle ear – Inner ear – Auditory nerve • Central – Brainstem – Midbrain – Cerebral Peripheral Outer Ear - Pinna Middle Ear - Tympanum Middle Ear – Tympanic Membrane Middle Ear – Ossicles Middle Ear - Ossicles Middle Ear – Ossicles - Malleus Middle Ear – Ossicles - Incus Middle Ear – Ossicles - Stapes Middle Ear Inner Ear - Osseous Inner Ear - Membranous Inner Ear - Labyrinth Inner Ear – Organ of Corti Cochlear Structures Inner Ear – Organ of Corti Basilar Membrane • Traveling wave Inner Ear – OHC & IHC • IHC – Non-motile – Afferent – Responds to loud sounds • OHC – Motile – Efferent – Responds to soft sounds OHCs Two Theories of Motility • Somatic prestin motor • Hair bundle motor Tip-links –Hair Bundle Motor <<<IHC OHC >>> Tip Link Structure • Tip Link Structure Hair Bundle Motor Tip-links Auditory Nerve 2 Types of Auditory Neurons Paul Fuchs YouTube Paul Fuchs YouTube Type I Type II Standard ABR Cross-section of Internal Auditory Canal Sup. Vest Nerve Facial Nerve HIGHFREQUENCY FIBERS Acoustic Nerve Large Tumor Abnormal Standard ABR TUMOR The wave V latency used in the standard ABR IT5 and I-V delay measures is dominated by neural activity from the high-frequency regions of the cochlea. Thus, unless the tumor affects these high-frequency fibers sufficiently, standard ABR latencies will be normal. Inf. Vest Nerve Small Tumor Abnormal Standard ABR Small Tumor Normal Standard ABR