Download L111 Exam III, FRIDAY, November 4, Fall Semester of 2005

L111 Exam III, FRIDAY, November 4, Fall Semester of 2005
NAME __________________________________________
ID NUMBER ___________________
Please READ CAREFULLY and FOLLOW these directions:
1] Use a No. 2 lead pencil ONLY
2] Fill out the enclosed SCANTRON SHEET
LAST NAME FIRST
a) NAME---b) Do NOT WRITE in the SPECIAL CODES area
3] SIGN THE ANSWER SHEET ACROSS THE TOP MARGIN (above the NAME heading). We
will NOT accept any unsigned answer sheets. By signing the answer sheet, you are stating that you have
neither given nor received answers or information from another student during the examination.” By
signing, you are ALSO confirming that you understand that, if you violate this policy, you will receive a
score of “0” for this examination and, depending upon the severity of the offense, may receive an “F” for
the L111 course and a letter describing your offense placed in your permanent file in the Dean’s office.
4] READ EACH QUESTION carefully and FILL IN THE CIRCLE that corresponds to the SINGLE
BEST ANSWER. NO PARTIAL CREDIT WILL BE GIVEN FOR ANSWERS THAT ARE CORRECT
BUT NOT THE BEST ANSWER.
5] The exam consists of 27 questions each question is worth 4 points.
6] Questions number 26 and 27 are BONUS questions. If you answer them correctly, each is worth the
equivalent of 1 regular question. If you answer them incorrectly, they will not be counted at all.
7] Exams must be turned in by 9:55 AM
8] When you have completed the exam, TURN IN YOUR SIGNED SCANTRON SHEET and
QUESTIONS to the AI or UTI at the front of the room and SHOW YOUR STUDENT ID CARD.
1. Random Genetic Drift limits the operation of Natural Selection by
a. Increasing the genetic variation within populations.
b. Reaching a stable equilibrium after a single generation.
c. Decreasing the genetic variation among populations.
d. Decreasing the genetic variation within populations.
e. All of the above.
2. Which of the following are ecological opportunities for Random Genetic Drift?
a. A small number of colonists establishing a population on an oceanic island.
b. A decline in population numbers to near extinction.
c. Large variations in population numbers from one generation to the next.
d. All of the above.
e. (a) and (b).
3. The Florida panther is an endangered species that is characterized by
a. The lowest amount of genetic variation of any panther species.
b. A lower amount of genetic variation today than in museum specimens from
1900.
c. A very high frequency of males with abnormal sperm.
d. A high frequency of recessive traits.
e. All of the above.
4. Outbreeding to Texas panthers alleviated many of the genetic problems of the Florida
panther because outbreeding
a. Decreases linkage between deleterious genes.
b. Increases heterozygosity within populations.
c. Results in polyploidy.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
5. The Northern Elephant Seal experiences strong Random Genetic Drift because
a.
b.
c.
d.
It experienced an extreme bottleneck in numbers in the 1890’s.
It has a polygynous mating system.
Its young are born weighing 60 to 80 pounds.
All of the above.
e. (a) and (b).
6. The Amish, the cheetah, and the Northern Elephant Seal all have increased
susceptibility to communicable diseases because of
a. Epistasis.
b. Pleiotropy.
c. Homozygosity of immune system genes.
d. High levels of heterozygosity of immune system genes.
e. Outbreeding.
7. Polyandry is a mating system in which
a. Some males have many mates while other males have none at all.
b. Some females have many mates while other females have none at all.
c. Maternal half siblings are common.
d. (b) and (c).
e. (a) and (b).
8. True or False: A bottleneck several generations in the past can leave a long lasting
effect on a population
a. TRUE.
b. FALSE.
9. Which evolutionary force creates new genetic variation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Migration.
Random Genetic Drift.
Natural Selection.
Nonrandom mating.
e. Mutation.
10. Evidence for modern humans, Homo sapiens, first occurs in the geological record
a. 1 billion years ago.
b. 500,000,000 years ago.
c. 4,500,000 years ago.
d. 1,800,000 years ago.
e. 10,000 years ago.
*This question was thrown out, no answer will count as correct
11. In the Geological Record mass extinction events occur
a.
b.
c.
d.
Just before the radiation of the dinosaurs.
Just before the radiation of the mammals
Just before the colonization of land by plants and animals.
Just before the origin of the amphibians.
e. All of the above.
12. Which of the following are associated with a relaxation of natural selection at the
level of specific genes?
a. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
b. Migration.
c. Mutation.
d. Gene duplication.
e. All of the above.
13. Bicoid is a recently evolved member of the Hox gene family and it plays a critical role
in determining which end of the developing fly embryo becomes the head. Bicoid
evolved rapidly because
a.
b.
c.
d.
It was a duplicate copy of an ancestral Hox gene.
It evolved maternal expression.
It affected head development, the most important organ in the fly.
All of the above.
e.
(a) and (b).
14. A highly conserved gene is a gene that
a. Experiences nonrandom mating.
b. Experiences strong purifying natural selection.
c. Experiences an exceptionally high rate of mutation.
d. Experiences strong random genetic drift.
e. (a) and (d).
15. True or False: A pseudogene is a gene that affects two or more phenotypes.
a. TRUE.
b. FALSE.
16. Which of the following is NOT necessary for evolution by group selection
a. There must be phenotypic differences among groups.
b. There must be differences among groups in extinction rates, colonization
rates, or growth rates.
c. There must be random mating across the entire population.
d. The differences among groups must be heritable.
17. The traits of an outgroup species are assumed to be
a. Derived traits, shared with those of the study group of species.
b. Ancestral to those of the study group of species.
c. Descended from those of the study group of species.
d. Independently assorting one from another.
e. Represented by fossil forms.
18. With convergent evolution, species share characters that are similar because of
a. Random genetic drift.
b. Mutation.
c. Migration.
d. Natural selection.
e. All of the above.
19. Random genetic drift and mutation are opposing evolutionary forces because
a. Mutation always helps adaptation while random genetic drift always opposes
adaptation.
b. Mutation adds heritable variation into populations while
random genetic eliminates heritable variation.
c. Mutation increases the frequency of rare alleles while random genetic drift
always reduces the frequency of rare alleles, causing them to be lost from a
population.
d. Mutation makes populations genetically more similar while random genetic
drift makes them genetically more different from one another.
e. Mutation is slow but random genetic drift is fast.
20. Which of the following are examples of neutral alleles
a. An allele with a selection coefficient greater than , the mutation rate.
b. An allele with a selection coefficient less than m, the migration rate.
c. An allele with a selection coefficient less than p, its change in gene
frequency by selection.
d. An allele with a selection coefficient less than 1/2N, the
strength of random genetic drift.
e. All of the above are neutral alleles.
Rat Bat
Turtle
Crocodile
Hawk
21. In the Figure above, the Turtle, Crocodile, and Hawk are
a. A monophyletic clade.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A paraphyletic clade.
A polyphyletic clade.
A polymorphic clade.
A heterozygous clade.
22. If an allele is a new neutral mutation in a diploid population of 500 individuals, then
its probability of fixation by random genetic drift is equal to
a. 0.000
b. 0.001
c. 0.050
d. 0.500
e. 1.000
23. Sewall Wright and R. A. Fisher disagreed over the role of _______ in evolution.
a. Random genetic drift.
b. Mutation.
c. Migration.
d. Natural selection.
e. Recombination.
24. The Quinarian system was
a. A failed theory of genetics, like Blending inheritance.
b. A failed theory of evolution, like Lamarckian evolution.
c. A failed theory of classification.
d. A failed theory of evolution in metapopulations.
e. A failed theory of mating systems, alternative to random mating.
25. The analogies and affinities of Quinarianism were replaced by
a. Mutation and random genetic drift.
b. Ancestor-descendant relationships.
c. Gene duplication and loss or acquisition of function.
d. A theory of the levels of selection.
e. None of the above.
BONUS QUESTIONS: EACH IS WORTH 4 POINTS.
26. The relative fitness of a neutral allele is
a. 0.00
b. 0.50
c. 1.00
d. less than 1.00
e. greater than 1.00
27. Given the DNA sequences of species A, B and C below, which cladogram best
depicts the evolutionary relationships among these three species?
A
B
C
*THE ANSWER HERE IS D. (B AND C ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED WITH EACH
OTHER THAN WITH A)