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Transcript
Mechanisms of Evolution Gene Pool • All the genes present in a population Genetic Drift • Evolution occurring through random changes in allele frequency over time. Genetic Drift • Creation of gametes is randomized • Some alleles are passed on more than others by chance http://www.biology.arizona.edu/evolution/act/drift/frame.html • Gene drift is more noticeable in smaller populations. Why? Types of Genetic Drift • Founder Effect: occurs when a small group of individuals colonize a new habitat • allele frequency changes as a result of the migration of a small subgroup Types of Genetic Drift • Bottleneck effect: a significant percent of the population is killed or cannot reproduce – Natural disaster – Habitat destruction – Hunting Bottleneck Effect Gene Flow • Movement of genes from one population to another Divergent Evolution • Differences between groups can lead to the formation of new species • different groups adapt to different environments • Remember homologous structures Ancestral Cat Convergent Evolution • Different organisms living in similar environments can evolve similar traits • Convergent Evolution: the process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble each other • Remember analogous structures! – Shark and dolphin
