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Transcript
Vaccine Timeline A Look Through Time START Instructions: For this assignment you will use the following timeline to answer questions 1 and 3. To answer question 2 you will need to find creditable resources dealing with the topic on the internet. DUE: 3/2/2004 This assignment is to be turned in on paper. 1. Why is it possible to eliminate a disease like smallpox but not tetanus? 2. Write a paragraph discussing the conditions surrounding the retraction of the Rotavirus vaccine from the market. Specifically compare the sample size used in the trials for testing the Rotavirus vaccine to that of the complication rate. Why is it that the Rotavirus vaccine was initially viewed as safe? 3. Compare Dr. Kortum’s children’s immunization records which can be found within the timeline. For each child list the ages that they received the Hepatitis B vaccine as well as the Chicken Pox (Varicella) vaccine. What accounts for the differences you see in the ages they received them? Are there any vaccines that one child has that another doesn’t, and WHY? To Timeline 1881 1897 1796 1905 1882 1879 1890 1926 1945 1935 1937 1927 1952 1967 1964 1981 1970 1977 1972 1971 1974 1971 • MMR (tri-valent measles/mumps/rubella) licensed. 1972 • U.S. ended routine use of smallpox vaccine See also 1796 , 1905 , 2003 1995 1985 1998 Today 1992 2001 1999 1994 2003 1997 Back to the start 1995 • Chicken Pox vaccine licensed and put into wide spread use. See also 1974 2003 • Smallpox vaccine stored in emergency first responder med-kits. See also 1796 , 1905 , 1972 2001 Katie’s Immunization 1999 • Rotavirus vaccine pulled off market due to significant adverse reactions. 1998 • First vaccine for Rotavirus Structure of rotavirus obtained by electron cryomicroscopy and computer image processing. www.bcm.tmc.edu/biochem/ biochem_images.html 1994 Max with baby Katie Max’s immunization 1997 Zach’s Immunizations 1992 • First vaccine for Hepatitis A Alex’s immunizations 1985 • First vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae B (HiB) 1981 • First vaccine for Hepatitis B Photo courtesy of CDC 1977 • First vaccine for Pneumonia 1974 • First vaccine for Chicken Pox (Varicella) See also 1995 1970 • First vaccine for Rubella 1967 • First vaccine for Mumps 1964 • First vaccine for Measles 1952 • First vaccine for Polio 1945 • First vaccine for Influenza 1937 • First vaccine for Typhus 1935 • First vaccine for Yellow Fever 1927 • First vaccine for Tuberculosis 1926 • First vaccine for Pertussis or the Whooping Cough 1890 • First vaccine for Tetanus • First vaccine for Diphtheria Tetanus • Tetanus is a disease caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium tetani that affects the central nervous system, sometimes resulting in death. Spores of the bacterium Clostridium tetani live in the soil and are found around the world. In the spore form, C. tetani may remain dormant in the soil, and it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. 1897 • First vaccine for the Plague 1882 • First vaccine for Rabies 1881 • First vaccine for Anthrax 1879 • First vaccine for Cholera 1796 • Smallpox vaccine is created, the first vaccine for any disease. See also 1905 , 1972 , 2003 1905 • In 1905 the US Supreme Court upholds state law mandating smallpox vaccinations See also 1796 , 1972 , 2003 Smallpox • Smallpox is a viral disease unique to humans. It is caused by the variola virus. To sustain itself, the virus must pass from person to person in a continuing chain of infection and is spread by inhalation of air droplets or aerosols. References • • • Smallpox information – http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/overview/disease-facts.asp – http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol5no4/henderson.htm Tetanus information – http://www.uhseast.com/14545.cfm Vaccine timeline information – http://www.909shot.com/Timeline/timeline.htm • – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_vaccines Images – http://www.idph.state.il.us/about/vpcd.htm – Microsoft health clipart collection on-line