Smallpox Chapter (Pink Book)
... South America and in many parts of Africa. The last case of variola minor occurred in Somalia in October 1977, and was the last case of indigenous smallpox on earth. There are four principal clinical presentations of variola major, based on the Rao classification (1972). The relative vigor of the im ...
... South America and in many parts of Africa. The last case of variola minor occurred in Somalia in October 1977, and was the last case of indigenous smallpox on earth. There are four principal clinical presentations of variola major, based on the Rao classification (1972). The relative vigor of the im ...
... These recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) update the previous recommendations on human rabies prevention (CDC. Human rabies prevention—United States, 1999: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1999;48 [No. RR-1]) and reflect ...
Human Rabies Prevention — United States, 2008 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
... These recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) update the previous recommendations on human rabies prevention (CDC. Human rabies prevention—United States, 1999: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1999;48 [No. RR-1]) and reflect ...
... These recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) update the previous recommendations on human rabies prevention (CDC. Human rabies prevention—United States, 1999: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1999;48 [No. RR-1]) and reflect ...
The global distribution of Crimean
... Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne infection caused by a virus (CCHFV) from the Bunyaviridae family. Domestic and wild vertebrates are asymptomatic reservoirs for the virus, putting animal handlers, slaughter-house workers and agricultural labourers at highest risk in ...
... Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne infection caused by a virus (CCHFV) from the Bunyaviridae family. Domestic and wild vertebrates are asymptomatic reservoirs for the virus, putting animal handlers, slaughter-house workers and agricultural labourers at highest risk in ...
- LSHTM Research Online
... cool and dryness and may explain why skin lesions are seen more often in the rainy season.4 In the 1950s it was estimated that 50 million people were infected with yaws. The World Health Organization (WHO) tried to eliminate the disease through a mass treatment campaign using benzylpenicillin.2,5 Co ...
... cool and dryness and may explain why skin lesions are seen more often in the rainy season.4 In the 1950s it was estimated that 50 million people were infected with yaws. The World Health Organization (WHO) tried to eliminate the disease through a mass treatment campaign using benzylpenicillin.2,5 Co ...
Pertussis outbreaks in the developed countries
... been reported from schools, colleges, oil refineries, hospitals and surgical wards etc. 37, 38, 39. A number of reports track adults as a source of infection in infants and small children, which testifies their possible role in pertussis outbreaks and transmission into younger age group 40. A precis ...
... been reported from schools, colleges, oil refineries, hospitals and surgical wards etc. 37, 38, 39. A number of reports track adults as a source of infection in infants and small children, which testifies their possible role in pertussis outbreaks and transmission into younger age group 40. A precis ...
4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology 4.7.2 Clinical features 4.7.3
... in some years. In households and ‘closed’ populations, attack rates may be 2 to 3 times higher.3,4 However, as asymptomatic or mild influenza illness is common and symptoms are non-specific, a large proportion of influenza infections are not detected. In adults, the onset of illness due to influenza ...
... in some years. In households and ‘closed’ populations, attack rates may be 2 to 3 times higher.3,4 However, as asymptomatic or mild influenza illness is common and symptoms are non-specific, a large proportion of influenza infections are not detected. In adults, the onset of illness due to influenza ...
Transmission of Varicella Zoster Virus From Individuals With Herpes
... (HZ) cases may play a larger role in varicella zoster virus (VZV) transmission. We investigated how HZ and varicella cases contribute to the varicella incidence in schools and day care centers. Methods. Surveillance data collected in Philadelphia during September 2003–June 2010 were analyzed. A vari ...
... (HZ) cases may play a larger role in varicella zoster virus (VZV) transmission. We investigated how HZ and varicella cases contribute to the varicella incidence in schools and day care centers. Methods. Surveillance data collected in Philadelphia during September 2003–June 2010 were analyzed. A vari ...
eradicate it by 2010? Measles in the United Kingdom: can we
... reproductive number (R0) of 15-20 (box 1).6 The virus remains transmissible in the air or on infected surfaces for up to two hours, obviating the need for direct person to person contact.5 7 Although genetic drift of the viral RNA is documented,4 measles has only one serotype, and both infection wit ...
... reproductive number (R0) of 15-20 (box 1).6 The virus remains transmissible in the air or on infected surfaces for up to two hours, obviating the need for direct person to person contact.5 7 Although genetic drift of the viral RNA is documented,4 measles has only one serotype, and both infection wit ...
Imogam® Rabies – HT
... 1950s, indigenously acquired rabies among humans decreased substantially.1,2 In 1950, for example, 4,979 cases of rabies were reported among dogs, and 18 cases were reported among humans. Between 1980 and 1997, 95 to 247 cases were reported each year among dogs, and on average only two human cases w ...
... 1950s, indigenously acquired rabies among humans decreased substantially.1,2 In 1950, for example, 4,979 cases of rabies were reported among dogs, and 18 cases were reported among humans. Between 1980 and 1997, 95 to 247 cases were reported each year among dogs, and on average only two human cases w ...
Rabies Immune Globulin (Human) USP Imogam Rabies – HT
... indigenously acquired rabies among humans decreased substantially.1,2 In 1950, for example, 4,979 cases of rabies were reported among dogs, and 18 cases were reported among humans. Between 1980 and 1997, 95 to 247 cases were reported each year among dogs, and on average only two human cases were rep ...
... indigenously acquired rabies among humans decreased substantially.1,2 In 1950, for example, 4,979 cases of rabies were reported among dogs, and 18 cases were reported among humans. Between 1980 and 1997, 95 to 247 cases were reported each year among dogs, and on average only two human cases were rep ...
Olecranon Bursitis
... At times there is a history of direct trauma to the elbow; sometimes there is a history of repetitive use; and at other times there is no antecedent history at all. Even in cases where the bursa is not painful, hyper flexing the elbow can produce pain, as this motion tends to increase the pressure w ...
... At times there is a history of direct trauma to the elbow; sometimes there is a history of repetitive use; and at other times there is no antecedent history at all. Even in cases where the bursa is not painful, hyper flexing the elbow can produce pain, as this motion tends to increase the pressure w ...
Slide 1
... and two (Tdap and Td) are given to older children and adults. Tdap is similar to Td but also containing protection against pertussis. Adolescents 11 through 18 years of age (preferably at age 11-12 years) should receive a single dose of Tdap. One dose of Tdap is also recommended for adults 19 years ...
... and two (Tdap and Td) are given to older children and adults. Tdap is similar to Td but also containing protection against pertussis. Adolescents 11 through 18 years of age (preferably at age 11-12 years) should receive a single dose of Tdap. One dose of Tdap is also recommended for adults 19 years ...
Guidance for the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis A Infection
... If source of infection outside school not identified, assume infection acquired within school and offer hepatitis A vaccine to classroom contacts ...
... If source of infection outside school not identified, assume infection acquired within school and offer hepatitis A vaccine to classroom contacts ...
Green Book: Chapter
... in England and Wales was estimated to be 31%, and was 11% among those aged 10–19 years (Morris et al., 2002). Therefore, the majority of adolescents and adults remain susceptible to hepatitis A infection and will remain so throughout life, with the potential for outbreaks to occur. Hepatitis A infec ...
... in England and Wales was estimated to be 31%, and was 11% among those aged 10–19 years (Morris et al., 2002). Therefore, the majority of adolescents and adults remain susceptible to hepatitis A infection and will remain so throughout life, with the potential for outbreaks to occur. Hepatitis A infec ...
Influenza vaccines
... vaccines is by intramuscular injection; however, they may also be given by the subcutaneous route. The recommended vaccine dose volume varies by age and the number of vaccine doses varies by age and immune status of the vaccine recipient. The recommended dose of seasonal influenza vaccine by age gro ...
... vaccines is by intramuscular injection; however, they may also be given by the subcutaneous route. The recommended vaccine dose volume varies by age and the number of vaccine doses varies by age and immune status of the vaccine recipient. The recommended dose of seasonal influenza vaccine by age gro ...
MEASLES FAQs - Amazon Web Services
... Q: Has measles been eliminated from the United States? A: Yes. In 2000, the United States declared that measles was eliminated from this country. The United States was able to eliminate measles because it has a highly effective measles vaccine, a strong vaccination program that achieves high vaccine ...
... Q: Has measles been eliminated from the United States? A: Yes. In 2000, the United States declared that measles was eliminated from this country. The United States was able to eliminate measles because it has a highly effective measles vaccine, a strong vaccination program that achieves high vaccine ...
The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series
... serious global-health problem. Substantial progress has been made worldwide in slowing the TB pandemic, especially through the WHO-recommended directly observed treatment short course strategy (DOTS). However, serious obstacles to DOTS success include low case-detection rates, the emergence of multi ...
... serious global-health problem. Substantial progress has been made worldwide in slowing the TB pandemic, especially through the WHO-recommended directly observed treatment short course strategy (DOTS). However, serious obstacles to DOTS success include low case-detection rates, the emergence of multi ...
Australian Immunisation Handbook, 8th Edition Part 3: Vaccines
... cough and myalgia. Within 2 to 3 days, a second phase begins with the abrupt onset of high fever, dyspnoea and hypoxia, rapidly progressing to shock and death within 24 to 36 hours. Chest X-ray may show lobulated mediastinal widening consistent with lympadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates or pleural e ...
... cough and myalgia. Within 2 to 3 days, a second phase begins with the abrupt onset of high fever, dyspnoea and hypoxia, rapidly progressing to shock and death within 24 to 36 hours. Chest X-ray may show lobulated mediastinal widening consistent with lympadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates or pleural e ...
Influenza and Children with Asthma
... Introduction: Influenza Vaccination Rates in Children with Asthma Must Be Increased ............................................1 Information for health care providers about asthma and influenza Influenza Vaccination Protects Children with Asthma...................................................... ...
... Introduction: Influenza Vaccination Rates in Children with Asthma Must Be Increased ............................................1 Information for health care providers about asthma and influenza Influenza Vaccination Protects Children with Asthma...................................................... ...
Smallpox Chapter (Pink Book)
... South America and in many parts of Africa. The last case of variola minor occurred in Somalia in October 1977, and was the last case of indigenous smallpox on earth. There are four principal clinical presentations of variola major, based on the Rao classification (1972). The relative vigor of the im ...
... South America and in many parts of Africa. The last case of variola minor occurred in Somalia in October 1977, and was the last case of indigenous smallpox on earth. There are four principal clinical presentations of variola major, based on the Rao classification (1972). The relative vigor of the im ...
Vaccinia (Smallpox) Vaccine
... Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO), 1988. Reprinted with permission from WHO. * Additional smallpox images are available at (accessed April 20, 2001).
...
... Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO), 1988. Reprinted with permission from WHO. * Additional smallpox images are available at
Swine Influenza A (H1N1 Virus): A Pandemic Disease
... distribution. Outbreaks in swine are common and cause significant economic losses in industry, primarily by causing stunting and extended time to market. For example, this disease costs the British meat industry about £65 million every year.[57] Annual influenza epidemics are estimated to affect 5–1 ...
... distribution. Outbreaks in swine are common and cause significant economic losses in industry, primarily by causing stunting and extended time to market. For example, this disease costs the British meat industry about £65 million every year.[57] Annual influenza epidemics are estimated to affect 5–1 ...
4.16 Rabies and other lyssaviruses
... (terrestrial) mammals is present throughout much of Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe, where the virus is maintained in certain species of mammals, particularly dogs. In countries where rabies vaccination of domestic animals is widespread (North America and Europe), wild animals such as raccoons ...
... (terrestrial) mammals is present throughout much of Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe, where the virus is maintained in certain species of mammals, particularly dogs. In countries where rabies vaccination of domestic animals is widespread (North America and Europe), wild animals such as raccoons ...
Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the young form of the pork tapeworm. People may have little or no symptoms for years. In some cases, particularly in Asia, solid lumps of between one and two centimetres may develop under the skin. After months or years these lumps can become painful and swollen and then resolve. A specific form called neurocysticercosis which affects the brain can give neurological symptoms. In developing countries this is one of the most common causes of seizures.Cysticercosis is usually acquired by eating food or drinking water that has tapeworm eggs in it. Among foods, uncooked vegetables are the major source. The tapeworm eggs are present in the feces of a person infected with the adult worms, a condition known as taeniasis. Taeniasis, in the strict sense, is a different disease and is due to eating cysts in poorly cooked pork. People who live with someone with the tapeworm have a greater risk of getting cysticercosis. The diagnosis can be made by aspiration of a cyst. Taking pictures of the brain with computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are most useful for the diagnosis of disease in the brain. An increased number of a type of white blood cell, called eosinophils, in the cerebral spinal fluid and blood is also an indicator.Infection can be effectively prevented by personal hygiene and sanitation: this includes cooking pork well, proper toilets and sanitary practices, and improved access to clean water. Treating those with taeniasis is important to prevent spread. Treating the disease when it does not involve the nervous system may not be required. Treatment of those with neurocysticercosis may be with the medications praziquantel or albendazole. These may be required for long periods of time. Steroids, for anti-inflammation during treatment, and anti-seizure medications may also be required. Surgery is sometimes done to remove the cysts.The pork tapeworm is particularly common in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. In some areas it is believed that up to 25% of people are affected. In the developed world it is very uncommon. Worldwide as of 2010 it caused about 1,200 deaths, up from 700 in 1990. Cysticercosis also affects pigs and cows but rarely causes symptoms as most do not live long enough. The disease has occurred in humans throughout history. It is one of the neglected tropical diseases.