update on the use of quadrivalent conjugate meningococcal vaccines
... What are meningococcal conjugate vaccines? Monovalent meningococcal C conjugate vaccines have been available in Canada since 2001. A quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, Y and W135) meningococcal vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (Menactra™ – sanofi pasteur) was authorized for use in 2006 for indivi ...
... What are meningococcal conjugate vaccines? Monovalent meningococcal C conjugate vaccines have been available in Canada since 2001. A quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, Y and W135) meningococcal vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (Menactra™ – sanofi pasteur) was authorized for use in 2006 for indivi ...
Implications of the Diphtheria Epidemic in the Former Soviet Union
... theria toxoid–containing vaccines in their school-based immunization programs and for travelers [29]. A study in Denmark suggested that long-term protection may be assured by a booster dose of Td vaccine administered 20 years after primary immunization [33]. In 1989–1990, on the basis of serosurveys ...
... theria toxoid–containing vaccines in their school-based immunization programs and for travelers [29]. A study in Denmark suggested that long-term protection may be assured by a booster dose of Td vaccine administered 20 years after primary immunization [33]. In 1989–1990, on the basis of serosurveys ...
Hepatitis A Vaccine Recommendations
... of blood or blood products collected from donors during the viremic phase of infection.15,16 Since 2002, nucleic acid amplification tests, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, have been applied to the screening of source plasma used for the manufacture of plasmaderived products.17 Tran ...
... of blood or blood products collected from donors during the viremic phase of infection.15,16 Since 2002, nucleic acid amplification tests, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, have been applied to the screening of source plasma used for the manufacture of plasmaderived products.17 Tran ...
Vaccine Preventable Diseases
... Current guidelines advise minimum of 5 diphtheria doses given at appropriate intervals 2, 4, 6 months – given as part of 6 in 1 4-5 years – given as part of school booster – 4 in 1 11-14 years – given as part of booster – Td ...
... Current guidelines advise minimum of 5 diphtheria doses given at appropriate intervals 2, 4, 6 months – given as part of 6 in 1 4-5 years – given as part of school booster – 4 in 1 11-14 years – given as part of booster – Td ...
Treponema spp. in Porcine Skin Ulcers
... writers at that time seemed to hold spirochetes responsible for the skin lesions, Gill was doubtful whether spirochetes were the actual cause of the disease ...
... writers at that time seemed to hold spirochetes responsible for the skin lesions, Gill was doubtful whether spirochetes were the actual cause of the disease ...
An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS)
... not been firmly established and previously reported incidence has varied based on the methods used and duration of follow-up. Recently, Yawn et al. examined medical records of 1669 Olmsted County (Minnesota) residents >22 years old and found a 5.7% (95% CI 4.46.9%) recurrence rate over eight years i ...
... not been firmly established and previously reported incidence has varied based on the methods used and duration of follow-up. Recently, Yawn et al. examined medical records of 1669 Olmsted County (Minnesota) residents >22 years old and found a 5.7% (95% CI 4.46.9%) recurrence rate over eight years i ...
Dissolving Illusions – Disease, Vaccines, and a History You Don`t
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
~ 5 ~ Smallpox and the First Vaccine
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
Effect of Feeding Concentrates of Lactobacillus Organisms on
... However numbers of fecal lactobacilli were not increased. The influence of Lactobacillus MLC feeding on the bacterial ...
... However numbers of fecal lactobacilli were not increased. The influence of Lactobacillus MLC feeding on the bacterial ...
15. Current vaccines and tehir use in the design of vaccination programmes: Theory and practice
... • To have a critical proportion protected such that infection will no longer lead to a major outbreak as the proportion of susceptibles becomes too small: R0 < 1) ...
... • To have a critical proportion protected such that infection will no longer lead to a major outbreak as the proportion of susceptibles becomes too small: R0 < 1) ...
FMD vaccines and their use in vaccination programmes: theory and practice
... • To have a critical proportion protected such that infection will no longer lead to a major outbreak as the proportion of susceptibles becomes too small: R0 < 1) ...
... • To have a critical proportion protected such that infection will no longer lead to a major outbreak as the proportion of susceptibles becomes too small: R0 < 1) ...
Potential Strategies to Reduce the Burden of Pertussis
... transmission of pertussis to unimmunized or partially immunized infants. The secondary objective is to reduce morbidity among adults, particularly young adults, although this strategy is unlikely to have an impact on overall pertussis morbidity in adults, as the target population is relatively small ...
... transmission of pertussis to unimmunized or partially immunized infants. The secondary objective is to reduce morbidity among adults, particularly young adults, although this strategy is unlikely to have an impact on overall pertussis morbidity in adults, as the target population is relatively small ...
Kotzer,_Natalie
... parents and victims who believe that the vaccine is causing more harm than science knows or public authorities will admit. Because of conflicting reports as to the actual incidence of hepatitis B in the United States and because the vaccine was developed for those engaging in high risk behaviors, in ...
... parents and victims who believe that the vaccine is causing more harm than science knows or public authorities will admit. Because of conflicting reports as to the actual incidence of hepatitis B in the United States and because the vaccine was developed for those engaging in high risk behaviors, in ...
Feline calicivirus - American Association of Feline Practitioners
... persist for 10–14 weeks and may still be at interfering levels for longer in some cases, but there is considerable ...
... persist for 10–14 weeks and may still be at interfering levels for longer in some cases, but there is considerable ...
haemorigic fever viruses
... of early recognition of this disease. Infection in humans most often involves the skin, and more rarely the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Inhalational anthrax is of particular interest for possible deliberate release: it is a life-threatening disease and early diagnosis and treatment can sig ...
... of early recognition of this disease. Infection in humans most often involves the skin, and more rarely the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Inhalational anthrax is of particular interest for possible deliberate release: it is a life-threatening disease and early diagnosis and treatment can sig ...
Ariane Neuber
... the organisms capable of causing panniculitis may be seen on cytology but, in most cases, histopathology and bacterial and fungal deep tissue culture will be necessary. Fine-needle aspirates of intact lesions will appear oily and inflammatory cells can be found.The inflammation can be granulomatous ...
... the organisms capable of causing panniculitis may be seen on cytology but, in most cases, histopathology and bacterial and fungal deep tissue culture will be necessary. Fine-needle aspirates of intact lesions will appear oily and inflammatory cells can be found.The inflammation can be granulomatous ...
What is mumps? What are the usual symptoms of mumps? What are
... Yes. Mumps is very infectious. It takes 14-21 days to develop symptoms after being infected. Affected people are infectious from about six days before, until about five days after, a parotid gland begins to swell. Children immunised against mumps are unlikely to catch mumps. However, immunisation is ...
... Yes. Mumps is very infectious. It takes 14-21 days to develop symptoms after being infected. Affected people are infectious from about six days before, until about five days after, a parotid gland begins to swell. Children immunised against mumps are unlikely to catch mumps. However, immunisation is ...
Recommendations for Using Smallpox Vaccine in a Pre-Event Vaccination Program
... Smallpox is transmitted from an infected person to another person. Patients are most infectious during the first 7–10 days after rash onset; transmission can occur during the prodromal period, immediately before rash onset, when lesions in the mouth ulcerate, releasing virus into oral secretions. In ...
... Smallpox is transmitted from an infected person to another person. Patients are most infectious during the first 7–10 days after rash onset; transmission can occur during the prodromal period, immediately before rash onset, when lesions in the mouth ulcerate, releasing virus into oral secretions. In ...
pertussis (whooping cough) faq - Utah County Immunization Coalition
... A: Yes. Getting the pertussis vaccine as a child or getting sick with pertussis doesn’t provide lifelong protection. A person can still get pertussis and pass it to others. Pertussis vaccines typically offer high levels of protection within the first 2 years of getting vaccinated. Protection decreas ...
... A: Yes. Getting the pertussis vaccine as a child or getting sick with pertussis doesn’t provide lifelong protection. A person can still get pertussis and pass it to others. Pertussis vaccines typically offer high levels of protection within the first 2 years of getting vaccinated. Protection decreas ...
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
... feline herpesvirus [FHV-1]). As vaccine-afforded protection against both infection and disease is thus variable and not absolute, exposure to infected animals and infectious agents should be minimized, even after vaccination. Kittens are generally more susceptible to infections than adult cats are a ...
... feline herpesvirus [FHV-1]). As vaccine-afforded protection against both infection and disease is thus variable and not absolute, exposure to infected animals and infectious agents should be minimized, even after vaccination. Kittens are generally more susceptible to infections than adult cats are a ...
atrophic rhinitis of swine
... following intraperitoneal injection. Toxigenicity can also be demonstrated in vitro by testing for cytopathic effects on monolayers of embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells (34), African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells (28) or bovine turbinate cells (13. The bacteria are grown in brain–heart infusion b ...
... following intraperitoneal injection. Toxigenicity can also be demonstrated in vitro by testing for cytopathic effects on monolayers of embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells (34), African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells (28) or bovine turbinate cells (13. The bacteria are grown in brain–heart infusion b ...
4-080816-Gnann-Parsippany
... • In immunocompetent persons, herpes zoster is a common condition (esp. among elderly patients) and is associated with substantial morbidity. • Once herpes zoster develops, the available treatments (including antiviral therapy) do not prevent PHN in all patients. • The treatments for PHN are complic ...
... • In immunocompetent persons, herpes zoster is a common condition (esp. among elderly patients) and is associated with substantial morbidity. • Once herpes zoster develops, the available treatments (including antiviral therapy) do not prevent PHN in all patients. • The treatments for PHN are complic ...
MMWR - American Hospital Association
... Smallpox is transmitted from an infected person to another person. Patients are most infectious during the first 7–10 days after rash onset; transmission can occur during the prodromal period, immediately before rash onset, when lesions in the mouth ulcerate, releasing virus into oral secretions. In ...
... Smallpox is transmitted from an infected person to another person. Patients are most infectious during the first 7–10 days after rash onset; transmission can occur during the prodromal period, immediately before rash onset, when lesions in the mouth ulcerate, releasing virus into oral secretions. In ...
Rotavirus vaccines for Australian children
... with such conditions. Providers should consider the potential risks and benefits of administering rotavirus vaccine to such infants.18,27,28 While rotavirus vaccination is not recommended for infants who are severely immunocompromised, the risk for infants with less severe immunocompromising conditi ...
... with such conditions. Providers should consider the potential risks and benefits of administering rotavirus vaccine to such infants.18,27,28 While rotavirus vaccination is not recommended for infants who are severely immunocompromised, the risk for infants with less severe immunocompromising conditi ...
Hepatitis B vaccines for Australians - fact sheet
... bleach.9 Vaccination should be recommended for their household contacts, and vaccination plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin for sexual contacts (see Sexual exposure). Persons, including children, who are HBsAg-positive do not need to be excluded from participating in day care or school or other activit ...
... bleach.9 Vaccination should be recommended for their household contacts, and vaccination plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin for sexual contacts (see Sexual exposure). Persons, including children, who are HBsAg-positive do not need to be excluded from participating in day care or school or other activit ...
Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the young form of the pork tapeworm. People may have little or no symptoms for years. In some cases, particularly in Asia, solid lumps of between one and two centimetres may develop under the skin. After months or years these lumps can become painful and swollen and then resolve. A specific form called neurocysticercosis which affects the brain can give neurological symptoms. In developing countries this is one of the most common causes of seizures.Cysticercosis is usually acquired by eating food or drinking water that has tapeworm eggs in it. Among foods, uncooked vegetables are the major source. The tapeworm eggs are present in the feces of a person infected with the adult worms, a condition known as taeniasis. Taeniasis, in the strict sense, is a different disease and is due to eating cysts in poorly cooked pork. People who live with someone with the tapeworm have a greater risk of getting cysticercosis. The diagnosis can be made by aspiration of a cyst. Taking pictures of the brain with computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are most useful for the diagnosis of disease in the brain. An increased number of a type of white blood cell, called eosinophils, in the cerebral spinal fluid and blood is also an indicator.Infection can be effectively prevented by personal hygiene and sanitation: this includes cooking pork well, proper toilets and sanitary practices, and improved access to clean water. Treating those with taeniasis is important to prevent spread. Treating the disease when it does not involve the nervous system may not be required. Treatment of those with neurocysticercosis may be with the medications praziquantel or albendazole. These may be required for long periods of time. Steroids, for anti-inflammation during treatment, and anti-seizure medications may also be required. Surgery is sometimes done to remove the cysts.The pork tapeworm is particularly common in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. In some areas it is believed that up to 25% of people are affected. In the developed world it is very uncommon. Worldwide as of 2010 it caused about 1,200 deaths, up from 700 in 1990. Cysticercosis also affects pigs and cows but rarely causes symptoms as most do not live long enough. The disease has occurred in humans throughout history. It is one of the neglected tropical diseases.