Background Paper on Varicella Vaccine SAGE Working Group on
... varicella. Varicella-zoster immune globulins are effective as post-exposure prophylaxis to reduce disease severity in persons at high risk for severe varicella but they are also costly and not widely available worldwide5. Control of varicella can be achieved only by vaccination. A varicella vaccine ...
... varicella. Varicella-zoster immune globulins are effective as post-exposure prophylaxis to reduce disease severity in persons at high risk for severe varicella but they are also costly and not widely available worldwide5. Control of varicella can be achieved only by vaccination. A varicella vaccine ...
Pertussis outbreaks in the developed countries
... The vaccine allele prn1 was replaced by non-vaccine alleles prn2 and prn3. Strains with fim2-2 and fim3B have been found prevalent in that study 55,. An interesting finding in this regard is the discovery of Bordetella pertussis strains with increased pertussis toxin production from pertussis cases ...
... The vaccine allele prn1 was replaced by non-vaccine alleles prn2 and prn3. Strains with fim2-2 and fim3B have been found prevalent in that study 55,. An interesting finding in this regard is the discovery of Bordetella pertussis strains with increased pertussis toxin production from pertussis cases ...
Influenza vaccines
... between June and September.8 In the northern hemisphere, influenza usually occurs between December and the next April, whereas in the tropics, influenza can occur all year round. Annual influenza epidemics are most often due to a single virus subtype or lineage. However, the circulating subtypes/lin ...
... between June and September.8 In the northern hemisphere, influenza usually occurs between December and the next April, whereas in the tropics, influenza can occur all year round. Annual influenza epidemics are most often due to a single virus subtype or lineage. However, the circulating subtypes/lin ...
4.16 Rabies and other lyssaviruses
... is widespread (North America and Europe), wild animals such as raccoons and foxes are important reservoirs. The continual maintenance of rabies in animal populations in these countries is referred to as enzootic rabies. Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island nations are c ...
... is widespread (North America and Europe), wild animals such as raccoons and foxes are important reservoirs. The continual maintenance of rabies in animal populations in these countries is referred to as enzootic rabies. Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island nations are c ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... in producing pathogens that cause food poisoning. Salmonellas act as primary reservoir for foods such as chicken meat, milk and milk products, eggs and meat products etc. Some of microorganisms such as Coliform bacteria have same features with Salmonella. Salmonella species are responsible for an es ...
... in producing pathogens that cause food poisoning. Salmonellas act as primary reservoir for foods such as chicken meat, milk and milk products, eggs and meat products etc. Some of microorganisms such as Coliform bacteria have same features with Salmonella. Salmonella species are responsible for an es ...
Smallpox Chapter (Pink Book)
... is inactivated within 24 hours. In the presence of ultraviolet light, this percentage would be even greater. In temperate climates, crusts from the skin lesions from smallpox patients, in which the virus is contained in a fibrin matrix, can retain viable virus for several years when held at room tem ...
... is inactivated within 24 hours. In the presence of ultraviolet light, this percentage would be even greater. In temperate climates, crusts from the skin lesions from smallpox patients, in which the virus is contained in a fibrin matrix, can retain viable virus for several years when held at room tem ...
practicehumanhealthandsolidwaste
... ____ 57. There is no vaccine to prevent HIV and no cure for AIDS. ____ 58. PCBs are used as plasticizers in products made with PVC, and solvents in many consumer products. ____ 59. Although infectious diseases have decreased, human health is still threatened by pesticide-resistant insects and bacter ...
... ____ 57. There is no vaccine to prevent HIV and no cure for AIDS. ____ 58. PCBs are used as plasticizers in products made with PVC, and solvents in many consumer products. ____ 59. Although infectious diseases have decreased, human health is still threatened by pesticide-resistant insects and bacter ...
who estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases
... The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitat ...
... The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitat ...
Prevention and Management of Pneumonia in Dairy Calves STAKEHOLDERS
... diseased calves often have a reduced appetite and will not recieve a therapeutic dosage of the drug. In this case, there is a likelihood of favouring the development of antibiotic resistance. Injectable antibiotics should be used instead. In rare cases, lungworm infection may cause the pneumonia in ...
... diseased calves often have a reduced appetite and will not recieve a therapeutic dosage of the drug. In this case, there is a likelihood of favouring the development of antibiotic resistance. Injectable antibiotics should be used instead. In rare cases, lungworm infection may cause the pneumonia in ...
Manual for the laboratory diagnosis of measles virus infection
... immunization programmes is 9 to 15 months, and countries have opted for either one or two-dose schedules. Vaccine efficacy is 85% at 9 months of age and increases to 90–95% at 12–15 months of age. Measles virus is highly transmissible. High routine immunization coverage can reduce measles incidence ...
... immunization programmes is 9 to 15 months, and countries have opted for either one or two-dose schedules. Vaccine efficacy is 85% at 9 months of age and increases to 90–95% at 12–15 months of age. Measles virus is highly transmissible. High routine immunization coverage can reduce measles incidence ...
Rotavirus vaccines for Australian children
... efficacy of vaccination has been established for infants with such conditions. Providers should consider the potential risks and benefits of administering rotavirus vaccine to such infants.18,27,28 While rotavirus vaccination is not recommended for infants who are severely immunocompromised, the ris ...
... efficacy of vaccination has been established for infants with such conditions. Providers should consider the potential risks and benefits of administering rotavirus vaccine to such infants.18,27,28 While rotavirus vaccination is not recommended for infants who are severely immunocompromised, the ris ...
influenza surveillance in russia based on epidemiological and
... and laboratory data are entered through the internet into the electronic database at the Research Institute of Influenza (RII), where they are analyzed and then reported to the Ministry of Public Health of Russia. Simultaneously, data are introduced into WHO’s Flu Net and Euro Flu, both electronic d ...
... and laboratory data are entered through the internet into the electronic database at the Research Institute of Influenza (RII), where they are analyzed and then reported to the Ministry of Public Health of Russia. Simultaneously, data are introduced into WHO’s Flu Net and Euro Flu, both electronic d ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Care Facilities in Ireland 2013/2014
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Management of
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious
... Esophageal dilatation, or megaesophagus, sometimes is identified at necropsy. When severe, it may be a cause of death. NEOPLASIA, Intestine [10] [11] Spontaneous, primary neoplasms of the intestine are not common spontaneous lesions in most mouse strains. In susceptible strains or genetically engine ...
... Esophageal dilatation, or megaesophagus, sometimes is identified at necropsy. When severe, it may be a cause of death. NEOPLASIA, Intestine [10] [11] Spontaneous, primary neoplasms of the intestine are not common spontaneous lesions in most mouse strains. In susceptible strains or genetically engine ...
STIs - Health Protection Surveillance Centre
... norms and values and increasing rates of high risk sexual behaviour are key factors in the increases in reported rates of STIs in Ireland and Europe over the past decade. Acknowledging the huge health and economic burden presented by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS worldwide and ...
... norms and values and increasing rates of high risk sexual behaviour are key factors in the increases in reported rates of STIs in Ireland and Europe over the past decade. Acknowledging the huge health and economic burden presented by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS worldwide and ...
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions
... Esophageal dilatation, or megaesophagus, sometimes is identified at necropsy. When severe, it may be a cause of death. NEOPLASIA, Intestine [10] [11] Spontaneous, primary neoplasms of the intestine are not common spontaneous lesions in most mouse strains. In susceptible strains or genetically engine ...
... Esophageal dilatation, or megaesophagus, sometimes is identified at necropsy. When severe, it may be a cause of death. NEOPLASIA, Intestine [10] [11] Spontaneous, primary neoplasms of the intestine are not common spontaneous lesions in most mouse strains. In susceptible strains or genetically engine ...
The global burden of typhoid fever John A. Crump, Stephen P. Luby,
... Methods Population-based studies using confirmation by blood culture of typhoid fever cases were sought by computer search of the multilingual scientific literature. Where there were no eligible studies, data were extrapolated from neighbouring countries and regions. Age–incidence curves were used to ...
... Methods Population-based studies using confirmation by blood culture of typhoid fever cases were sought by computer search of the multilingual scientific literature. Where there were no eligible studies, data were extrapolated from neighbouring countries and regions. Age–incidence curves were used to ...
bcg vaccine (freeze-dried)
... prolonged exposure to persistently untreated or ineffectively treated patients (e.g., because of multidrug resistance) with infectious pulmonary TB, unless they can be removed from the source of exposure or given long-term preventive therapy. c) Individuals repeatedly exposed to persons with untreat ...
... prolonged exposure to persistently untreated or ineffectively treated patients (e.g., because of multidrug resistance) with infectious pulmonary TB, unless they can be removed from the source of exposure or given long-term preventive therapy. c) Individuals repeatedly exposed to persons with untreat ...
4 Administration of seasonal influenza vaccine
... virus, inactivated whole virus, split virus (derived by disrupting whole virus particles with detergents) or viral subunits (prepared by enriching for the viral surface glycoproteins haemagglutinin—HA) and neuraminidase—NA). Inactivated whole-virus preparations, which were first developed more than ...
... virus, inactivated whole virus, split virus (derived by disrupting whole virus particles with detergents) or viral subunits (prepared by enriching for the viral surface glycoproteins haemagglutinin—HA) and neuraminidase—NA). Inactivated whole-virus preparations, which were first developed more than ...
attachment 1
... International trade in bovine embryos is a rapidly growing industry. In 1997, USA exported approximately 11,000 embryos while Canada exported 8,351 embryos. The unregulated movement of embryos involves considerably less disease transmission risk than does unregulated movement of live animals or seme ...
... International trade in bovine embryos is a rapidly growing industry. In 1997, USA exported approximately 11,000 embryos while Canada exported 8,351 embryos. The unregulated movement of embryos involves considerably less disease transmission risk than does unregulated movement of live animals or seme ...
Disease Strategy Manual - Abalone viral ganglioneuritis
... including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law. The information in this publication is for general guida ...
... including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law. The information in this publication is for general guida ...
Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics - e
... historic curiosity, relegating it to the sidelines of infectious diseases, plague is clearly an important and re-emerging infectious disease. In today’s world, it is easy to focus on its potential use as a bioweapon, however, one must also consider that there is still much to learn about the pathoge ...
... historic curiosity, relegating it to the sidelines of infectious diseases, plague is clearly an important and re-emerging infectious disease. In today’s world, it is easy to focus on its potential use as a bioweapon, however, one must also consider that there is still much to learn about the pathoge ...
Comparative analysis of different TaqMan real-time RT
... analysis (Aggarwal and Krawczynski 2000; Smith 2001). There is increasing evidence that animals (such as pigs) could serve as reservoir for HEV (Meng et al. 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002; Yoo et al. 2001; Renou et al. 2007). Swine HEV isolates have been identified now in many countries worldwide including ...
... analysis (Aggarwal and Krawczynski 2000; Smith 2001). There is increasing evidence that animals (such as pigs) could serve as reservoir for HEV (Meng et al. 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002; Yoo et al. 2001; Renou et al. 2007). Swine HEV isolates have been identified now in many countries worldwide including ...
HPSC annual report 2010 - Health Protection Surveillance Centre
... There has been a continued decline in the number of cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland. This is very welcome as the most recent European report from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) identified Ireland as the member state with the highest HPSC was the coordinating centre ...
... There has been a continued decline in the number of cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland. This is very welcome as the most recent European report from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) identified Ireland as the member state with the highest HPSC was the coordinating centre ...
Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form. For the use of this method in warfare, see biological warfare.