Classification of Vaccines
... and next to the wider availability of potable water, it is considered the most costeffective and successful medical intervention ever introduced. Vaccines have inevitably prevented disease, complications, and the death of millions of infants and children by protecting against many deadly infectious ...
... and next to the wider availability of potable water, it is considered the most costeffective and successful medical intervention ever introduced. Vaccines have inevitably prevented disease, complications, and the death of millions of infants and children by protecting against many deadly infectious ...
Disinfection 101
... charged alkaline salts of fatty acids. They are less ideal for cleaning because they can be excessively foamy, creating a residue that may allow soil and microorganisms to accumulate. Nonionic (uncharged) detergents are very good emulsifiers, have good penetration and dispersion, are effective at lo ...
... charged alkaline salts of fatty acids. They are less ideal for cleaning because they can be excessively foamy, creating a residue that may allow soil and microorganisms to accumulate. Nonionic (uncharged) detergents are very good emulsifiers, have good penetration and dispersion, are effective at lo ...
Vaccinia (Smallpox) Vaccine
... a 2–3 day prodrome of high fever, malaise, and prostration with severe headache and backache. This preeruptive stage is followed by the appearance of a maculopapular rash (i.e., eruptive stage) that progresses to papules 1–2 days after the rash appears; vesicles appear on the fourth or fifth day; pu ...
... a 2–3 day prodrome of high fever, malaise, and prostration with severe headache and backache. This preeruptive stage is followed by the appearance of a maculopapular rash (i.e., eruptive stage) that progresses to papules 1–2 days after the rash appears; vesicles appear on the fourth or fifth day; pu ...
Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug
... threat as there are fewer, or even sometimes no, effective antimicrobial agents available for infections caused by these bacteria. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are both affected by the emergence and rise of antimicrobial resistance. As this problem continues to grow, harmonized definitio ...
... threat as there are fewer, or even sometimes no, effective antimicrobial agents available for infections caused by these bacteria. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are both affected by the emergence and rise of antimicrobial resistance. As this problem continues to grow, harmonized definitio ...
15. Current vaccines and tehir use in the design of vaccination programmes: Theory and practice
... FAO-ICAR FMD conference ...
... FAO-ICAR FMD conference ...
FMD vaccines and their use in vaccination programmes: theory and practice
... FAO-ICAR FMD conference ...
... FAO-ICAR FMD conference ...
Multidrugresistant, extensively drugresistant and pandrugresistant
... are labelled as such because of their in vitro resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent. Infections with MDROs can lead to inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy, and are associated with poorer patient outcomes [1–4]. Of the MDROs, highly-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. multidrug- ...
... are labelled as such because of their in vitro resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent. Infections with MDROs can lead to inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy, and are associated with poorer patient outcomes [1–4]. Of the MDROs, highly-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. multidrug- ...
Low hepatitis B immunogenicity of a hexavalent vaccine widely used
... in Germany. Both vaccines were licensed for either a three- or a four-dose primary series. In Germany the routine vaccination schedule for hexavalent vaccines recommends four doses at ages of 2, 3, 4, and 11–14 months, with at least 6 months between the third and fourth dose [18]. The recommendation ...
... in Germany. Both vaccines were licensed for either a three- or a four-dose primary series. In Germany the routine vaccination schedule for hexavalent vaccines recommends four doses at ages of 2, 3, 4, and 11–14 months, with at least 6 months between the third and fourth dose [18]. The recommendation ...
The Polio Vaccine - ThinkTwice Global Vaccine Institute
... made from monkey kidneys. Using formaldehyde, he was able to “kill” or inactivate the viral matter so that it would trigger an antibody response without causing the disease. That year he began his initial experiments on human subjects. In 1953, his findings were published in the Journal of the Ameri ...
... made from monkey kidneys. Using formaldehyde, he was able to “kill” or inactivate the viral matter so that it would trigger an antibody response without causing the disease. That year he began his initial experiments on human subjects. In 1953, his findings were published in the Journal of the Ameri ...
Johne`s Disease - Animal Health Ireland
... Animals infected with MAP bacteria (the cause of Johne’s disease) may be healthy for many years before they show signs. These healthy carriers can shed the bacteria in dung, colostrum, milk and to unborn calves in the womb (Whitlock and Buergelt, 1996). Because they have no signs of ill-health these ...
... Animals infected with MAP bacteria (the cause of Johne’s disease) may be healthy for many years before they show signs. These healthy carriers can shed the bacteria in dung, colostrum, milk and to unborn calves in the womb (Whitlock and Buergelt, 1996). Because they have no signs of ill-health these ...
3 Forest Diseases Caused by Viruses
... by nematodes. Insects may contribute to the infection of plants with CLRV in an indirect manner through wounds via virus-contaminated pollen, or pollinating insects may transfer infected pollen to healthy plants. It is of major importance to eliminate CLRV-infected trees as main virus reservoirs. Ho ...
... by nematodes. Insects may contribute to the infection of plants with CLRV in an indirect manner through wounds via virus-contaminated pollen, or pollinating insects may transfer infected pollen to healthy plants. It is of major importance to eliminate CLRV-infected trees as main virus reservoirs. Ho ...
Epidemiology Contact Investigation - Center for Leadership in Public
... • Represents an active case finding process in that it identifies, examines, and evaluates all persons who are at risk for disease infection. • May allow for the initiation of early treatment of new, previously untreated cases of active disease. • May prevent infection from occurring. ...
... • Represents an active case finding process in that it identifies, examines, and evaluates all persons who are at risk for disease infection. • May allow for the initiation of early treatment of new, previously untreated cases of active disease. • May prevent infection from occurring. ...
Protecting health in Europe: Our vision for the - ECDC
... (EU) citizens’ health from infectious diseases. It serves as an information, knowledge and action centre to support and strengthen all EU institutions and countries in their work to detect, prevent and control infectious ...
... (EU) citizens’ health from infectious diseases. It serves as an information, knowledge and action centre to support and strengthen all EU institutions and countries in their work to detect, prevent and control infectious ...
Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus during the
... combat disease outbreaks in FMD-free countries often result in depopulation and destruction of large numbers of infected and susceptible animals (5–7). Large regions of the world, including Europe, Australia, North America, and parts of South America, are kept free of FMD by means of strict regulati ...
... combat disease outbreaks in FMD-free countries often result in depopulation and destruction of large numbers of infected and susceptible animals (5–7). Large regions of the world, including Europe, Australia, North America, and parts of South America, are kept free of FMD by means of strict regulati ...
Immunization 5
... efficacy of HBIg after 48 hours is not known Two more doses of Hep B vaccine at 1 & 6 months of age If HBIg not available: Hep B vaccine at 0, 1 & 2 months with an additional dose between 9-12 months All such infants should be tested for HBsAg & HBsAg antibodies at the age of 9-15 months to identify ...
... efficacy of HBIg after 48 hours is not known Two more doses of Hep B vaccine at 1 & 6 months of age If HBIg not available: Hep B vaccine at 0, 1 & 2 months with an additional dose between 9-12 months All such infants should be tested for HBsAg & HBsAg antibodies at the age of 9-15 months to identify ...
The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the
... transmission, wrhich is often also associated with enhanced virulenc :e. If this were the case, one would expect a decreasse in the percentage of isolated strains that were M-typ ,eable. It is also possible that nowadays the streptococci more frequently encounters people with specific anttibodies th ...
... transmission, wrhich is often also associated with enhanced virulenc :e. If this were the case, one would expect a decreasse in the percentage of isolated strains that were M-typ ,eable. It is also possible that nowadays the streptococci more frequently encounters people with specific anttibodies th ...
Pertussis Fact Sheet
... INFORMATION FOR IMMUNISATION PROVIDERS Disease and epidemiology • Pertussis, commonly known as ‘whooping cough’, is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. ...
... INFORMATION FOR IMMUNISATION PROVIDERS Disease and epidemiology • Pertussis, commonly known as ‘whooping cough’, is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. ...
IBD Ab/IBD-XR Ab Tests Information Sheet
... and sometimes hemorrhagic. The bursa then quickly regresses to a small size, leading to suppression of the immune system or, in the case of vvIBD viruses, a higher percentage of mortality. Symptoms include anorexia, incoordination and depression. Affected birds are more susceptible to a variety of i ...
... and sometimes hemorrhagic. The bursa then quickly regresses to a small size, leading to suppression of the immune system or, in the case of vvIBD viruses, a higher percentage of mortality. Symptoms include anorexia, incoordination and depression. Affected birds are more susceptible to a variety of i ...
Pertussis vaccines for Australians
... INFORMATION FOR IMMUNISATION PROVIDERS Disease and epidemiology • Pertussis, commonly known as ‘whooping cough’, is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. ...
... INFORMATION FOR IMMUNISATION PROVIDERS Disease and epidemiology • Pertussis, commonly known as ‘whooping cough’, is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. ...
The new global map of human brucellosis
... incidence remains high in Andalusia, Castille-La Mancha, Aragon, and Castille-Leon (70, 68, 60, and 56 cases per million per year, respectively). The highest annual incidence is noted in Extremadura, but the situation in this region has been improving substantially throughout this period. Although t ...
... incidence remains high in Andalusia, Castille-La Mancha, Aragon, and Castille-Leon (70, 68, 60, and 56 cases per million per year, respectively). The highest annual incidence is noted in Extremadura, but the situation in this region has been improving substantially throughout this period. Although t ...
National Preparedness Plan
... to the third theory, it is the most likely explanation for the re-emergence of the A(H1N1) virus, the agent of the so-called Russian pandemic of 1977, which was almost identical to the virus isolated in 1950. It is not known where and how this virus had survived those 27 years. Because of the fear o ...
... to the third theory, it is the most likely explanation for the re-emergence of the A(H1N1) virus, the agent of the so-called Russian pandemic of 1977, which was almost identical to the virus isolated in 1950. It is not known where and how this virus had survived those 27 years. Because of the fear o ...
Modeling spatial risk of the Foot-Mouth
... the vector of covariates X(s) = [X1 (s), . . . , X4 (s)] consists the elevation X1 , the density of livestock holdings X2 , average temperature of winter months X3 at the event location s, and X4 denotes a driving distance from the index farm. We included X4 as a risk factor for FMD risk, because th ...
... the vector of covariates X(s) = [X1 (s), . . . , X4 (s)] consists the elevation X1 , the density of livestock holdings X2 , average temperature of winter months X3 at the event location s, and X4 denotes a driving distance from the index farm. We included X4 as a risk factor for FMD risk, because th ...
The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance
... some clinical manifestation and resulting in about 3–5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250 000–500 000 deaths.1–4 Influenza illness can result in hospitalization and death mainly among high-risk groups, but also in a substantial proportion of previously healthy subjects.5 Groups at partic ...
... some clinical manifestation and resulting in about 3–5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250 000–500 000 deaths.1–4 Influenza illness can result in hospitalization and death mainly among high-risk groups, but also in a substantial proportion of previously healthy subjects.5 Groups at partic ...
i3531e08
... Developed poultry industries are characterized by on-site biosecurity programmes, which are designed to prevent or minimize incursions by known infectious diseases. These programmes are supported by close veterinary and laboratory surveillance for poultry health. A newly emergent disease can therefo ...
... Developed poultry industries are characterized by on-site biosecurity programmes, which are designed to prevent or minimize incursions by known infectious diseases. These programmes are supported by close veterinary and laboratory surveillance for poultry health. A newly emergent disease can therefo ...
PDF printable version of Appendix 4: Commonly asked questions
... HIV-infected persons may be given MMR, varicella and zoster vaccines, provided they do not have severe immunocompromise (refer to 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements and Table 3.3.4 Categories of immunocompromise in HIV-infected persons, based on age-specific CD4+ counts and percentage ...
... HIV-infected persons may be given MMR, varicella and zoster vaccines, provided they do not have severe immunocompromise (refer to 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements and Table 3.3.4 Categories of immunocompromise in HIV-infected persons, based on age-specific CD4+ counts and percentage ...
Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form. For the use of this method in warfare, see biological warfare.