vaccine information
... areas with low vaccine coverage rates. In areas with good vaccine coverage, circulation of vaccine virus stops when the virus encounters immune individuals and mutations therefore cannot accumulate. It is very important to maintain high population vaccination coverage rates to stop the spread of pol ...
... areas with low vaccine coverage rates. In areas with good vaccine coverage, circulation of vaccine virus stops when the virus encounters immune individuals and mutations therefore cannot accumulate. It is very important to maintain high population vaccination coverage rates to stop the spread of pol ...
Pandemic Influenza - Facilitator`s Manual
... countries including China, Indonesia, India, and Vietnam. Data shows a surge in morbidity and mortality in areas of high population density, such as hospitals, high-rise residential buildings, and schools; many of the infected died from the rapidly emerging disease. In response, the WHO raised its p ...
... countries including China, Indonesia, India, and Vietnam. Data shows a surge in morbidity and mortality in areas of high population density, such as hospitals, high-rise residential buildings, and schools; many of the infected died from the rapidly emerging disease. In response, the WHO raised its p ...
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMALLPOX CHAPTER 4 Contents
... Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication (World Health Organization, 1980). Further supplemented by studies conducted by the authors of the present book, these data were used for the detailed tabulation of reported cases of smallpox in the larger countries of the world presented in C ...
... Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication (World Health Organization, 1980). Further supplemented by studies conducted by the authors of the present book, these data were used for the detailed tabulation of reported cases of smallpox in the larger countries of the world presented in C ...
Rotavirus vaccination
... Bolivia, first high-mortality country to introduce Rotarix® in 2008, with GAVI support Study found vaccinated children 70% less likely to be hospitalized for rotavirus compared to unvaccinated children Protection sustained through first 2 years of a child’s life, when risk of infection is grea ...
... Bolivia, first high-mortality country to introduce Rotarix® in 2008, with GAVI support Study found vaccinated children 70% less likely to be hospitalized for rotavirus compared to unvaccinated children Protection sustained through first 2 years of a child’s life, when risk of infection is grea ...
Full text in pdf format
... For oral challenge, Artemia nauplii (100/400 ml) were reared in sterilized 500 ml beakers containing 400 ml of sterilized aerated seawater. The inoculum of Mr NV and XSV was prepared by homogenizing WTDinfected prawns as described above followed by ultracentrifugation at 100 000 × g at 4°C for 1 h. ...
... For oral challenge, Artemia nauplii (100/400 ml) were reared in sterilized 500 ml beakers containing 400 ml of sterilized aerated seawater. The inoculum of Mr NV and XSV was prepared by homogenizing WTDinfected prawns as described above followed by ultracentrifugation at 100 000 × g at 4°C for 1 h. ...
In this issue: Launch of the European Antibiotic Awareness Day logo
... major effort to improve pandemic preparedness in the Region. Then just after ECDC opened there were major fears that ‘bird flu’ (the avian A(H5N1) influenza virus) would evolve and cause the next pandemic. Thus the SAU and the rest of the flu team in other parts of ECDC focused on assessing the risk ...
... major effort to improve pandemic preparedness in the Region. Then just after ECDC opened there were major fears that ‘bird flu’ (the avian A(H5N1) influenza virus) would evolve and cause the next pandemic. Thus the SAU and the rest of the flu team in other parts of ECDC focused on assessing the risk ...
Pandemic Influenza Tabletop Exercise Participant`s Manual
... MODULE 2 – H5N1 human cases on the rise in Asia, few isolated human cases found in the United States. Time Period: July 2010 – September 2010 In July 2010, WHO laboratory confirmed a surge of human H5N1 cases in many Asian countries including China, Indonesia, India, and Vietnam. Data shows a surge ...
... MODULE 2 – H5N1 human cases on the rise in Asia, few isolated human cases found in the United States. Time Period: July 2010 – September 2010 In July 2010, WHO laboratory confirmed a surge of human H5N1 cases in many Asian countries including China, Indonesia, India, and Vietnam. Data shows a surge ...
mrremt comment% Leprosy: Down But
... (also known as dapsone and DIM), have been used to treat leprosy patients. A number of other drugs, including rifampicin and clofazimine, are also administered, but these are more expensive than dapsone, and, therefore, dtificult to obtain in the poorer nations where leprosy is endemic. 14 A patient ...
... (also known as dapsone and DIM), have been used to treat leprosy patients. A number of other drugs, including rifampicin and clofazimine, are also administered, but these are more expensive than dapsone, and, therefore, dtificult to obtain in the poorer nations where leprosy is endemic. 14 A patient ...
The Ebola Outbreak of 2014-2015: From Coordinated Multilateral
... cases of Ebola surfaced, all allegedly linked to consumption of dog meat.[6] An estimated 175 people were reportedly linked to cases under surveillance in this latest episode.[6] Fortunately, the situation appears to have improved again as the country was declared free of the EBOV transmission for t ...
... cases of Ebola surfaced, all allegedly linked to consumption of dog meat.[6] An estimated 175 people were reportedly linked to cases under surveillance in this latest episode.[6] Fortunately, the situation appears to have improved again as the country was declared free of the EBOV transmission for t ...
The Reemergence of Measles - University Of Wisconsin
... Measles is one of the most contagious of the vaccinepreventable diseases, with reproduction rates (R0) estimated at 12 to 18—meaning that the average person with measles is capable of infecting 12 to 18 other people if all close contacts are susceptible [5]. It has a secondary attack rate among susc ...
... Measles is one of the most contagious of the vaccinepreventable diseases, with reproduction rates (R0) estimated at 12 to 18—meaning that the average person with measles is capable of infecting 12 to 18 other people if all close contacts are susceptible [5]. It has a secondary attack rate among susc ...
ATAGI Influenza Vaccine Statement
... majority of circulating influenza viruses in most seasons. It is important that influenza vaccination is not delayed if an age-appropriate TIV is available and there are barriers to accessing QIV. Interchangeability of QIVs and TIVs Where 2 doses of influenza vaccine are indicated in a single season ...
... majority of circulating influenza viruses in most seasons. It is important that influenza vaccination is not delayed if an age-appropriate TIV is available and there are barriers to accessing QIV. Interchangeability of QIVs and TIVs Where 2 doses of influenza vaccine are indicated in a single season ...
Pre-meeting document. - Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board
... Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in preventing HBV infection when given either before exposure or shortly after. If given prior to infection, it can prevent disease and carrier state from developing in almost all individuals. At least 85-90% of hepatitis B-associated deaths are vaccine-preventable. ...
... Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in preventing HBV infection when given either before exposure or shortly after. If given prior to infection, it can prevent disease and carrier state from developing in almost all individuals. At least 85-90% of hepatitis B-associated deaths are vaccine-preventable. ...
Characterization of outbreak response strategies and potential vaccine stockpile
... (which affects the impact of IPV use on transmission), OPV and IPV take rates, immunization history and intensity going forward (e.g., RI coverage, SIA frequency and quality), surveillance quality (i.e., number of cumulative paralytic cases to trigger detection of an outbreak), and age-heterogeneity ...
... (which affects the impact of IPV use on transmission), OPV and IPV take rates, immunization history and intensity going forward (e.g., RI coverage, SIA frequency and quality), surveillance quality (i.e., number of cumulative paralytic cases to trigger detection of an outbreak), and age-heterogeneity ...
Are we facing new health challenges and diseases in
... population and become enzootic, causing increased reindeer mortality and reproduction problems, necessitating vaccine regimes and animal transport restrictions. Another threat could be animals infected with mycobacteria, potentially causing tuberculosis in reindeer. Red deer infected with Mycobacter ...
... population and become enzootic, causing increased reindeer mortality and reproduction problems, necessitating vaccine regimes and animal transport restrictions. Another threat could be animals infected with mycobacteria, potentially causing tuberculosis in reindeer. Red deer infected with Mycobacter ...
FOMITES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION: A
... activities of a typical child under six years of age. In addition to frequency of contact data, parameters estimated for use in the model include virus concentration on surface; virus inactivation rates on hands and the fomite; virus transfer between hands, fomite, and the child’s mouth; and the sur ...
... activities of a typical child under six years of age. In addition to frequency of contact data, parameters estimated for use in the model include virus concentration on surface; virus inactivation rates on hands and the fomite; virus transfer between hands, fomite, and the child’s mouth; and the sur ...
Case Definitions for Communicable Diseases under National
... Venereal disease research laboratory (slide test) Viral hemorrhagic fever Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Varicella-zoster virus World Health Organization West Nile virus asymptomatic infection West Nile virus non-neurological syndrome West Nile virus neurological syndrome West Nile virus ...
... Venereal disease research laboratory (slide test) Viral hemorrhagic fever Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Varicella-zoster virus World Health Organization West Nile virus asymptomatic infection West Nile virus non-neurological syndrome West Nile virus neurological syndrome West Nile virus ...
clostridium botulinum - World Health Organization
... Summary of clinical effects There are five clinical categories of botulism: 1) foodborne botulism; 2) wound botulism; 3) infant botulism; 4) adult infectious botulism; 5) inadvertent, following botulinum toxin injection. Foodborne botulism Onset generally occurs 18 to 36 hours after exposure (range, ...
... Summary of clinical effects There are five clinical categories of botulism: 1) foodborne botulism; 2) wound botulism; 3) infant botulism; 4) adult infectious botulism; 5) inadvertent, following botulinum toxin injection. Foodborne botulism Onset generally occurs 18 to 36 hours after exposure (range, ...
Australian Influenza Surveillance Report No.03, 2013
... Nam influenza activity associated with influenza A is relatively high. The United States has reported further cases of the influenza A(H3N2) variant virus that were associated with fair attendance and contact with swine. The virus detected is the same as the variant viruses detected during the 201 ...
... Nam influenza activity associated with influenza A is relatively high. The United States has reported further cases of the influenza A(H3N2) variant virus that were associated with fair attendance and contact with swine. The virus detected is the same as the variant viruses detected during the 201 ...
Australian Influenza Surveillance Report No 02
... compared to previous years. In other regions influenza activity generally peaked in early 2015. Overall, influenza activity was higher this season compared to last season in North America and Europe but lower in eastern Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East. Influenza A(H3N2) virus predominated in ...
... compared to previous years. In other regions influenza activity generally peaked in early 2015. Overall, influenza activity was higher this season compared to last season in North America and Europe but lower in eastern Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East. Influenza A(H3N2) virus predominated in ...
Sarcoidosis - American Thoracic Society
... the U.S. Navy, and handling of building supplies. Investigators have reported an increased incidence of sarcoidosis among New York City Fire Department rescue workers involved in the World Trade Center attacks of September 11, 2001. Socioeconomic status does not affect the risk of sarcoidosis, but ...
... the U.S. Navy, and handling of building supplies. Investigators have reported an increased incidence of sarcoidosis among New York City Fire Department rescue workers involved in the World Trade Center attacks of September 11, 2001. Socioeconomic status does not affect the risk of sarcoidosis, but ...
Potential Strategies to Reduce the Burden of Pertussis
... Selective immunization of health care and child care workers would require workers to be immunized when they enter the profession or training and to receive regular boosters throughout their employment. The objectives of the strategy are to reduce transmission to susceptible groups (patients or infa ...
... Selective immunization of health care and child care workers would require workers to be immunized when they enter the profession or training and to receive regular boosters throughout their employment. The objectives of the strategy are to reduce transmission to susceptible groups (patients or infa ...
Heat: Session 1 - The Open University
... drops. However, you should note that there are many communicable diseases that cannot be immunized against at the present time, because a suitable vaccine does not yet exist. ...
... drops. However, you should note that there are many communicable diseases that cannot be immunized against at the present time, because a suitable vaccine does not yet exist. ...
characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses
... The cloacal bursa is the target organ of IBDV infections; however, IBD viral replication also occurs in other lymphoid structures including the spleen, thymus, Harderian gland, and cecal tonsils (28, 29, 30, 31, 32). The virus preferentially affects actively proliferating and differentiating B lymp ...
... The cloacal bursa is the target organ of IBDV infections; however, IBD viral replication also occurs in other lymphoid structures including the spleen, thymus, Harderian gland, and cecal tonsils (28, 29, 30, 31, 32). The virus preferentially affects actively proliferating and differentiating B lymp ...
CWD management plan
... within three miles of an infected captive elk herd. Sharpshooters collected almost 1,200 deer within the “Disease Zone” during the winter of 2011, and hunters provided samples from 2,300 deer harvested during the following fall with no additional CWD detected. It seems that the introduction of CWD i ...
... within three miles of an infected captive elk herd. Sharpshooters collected almost 1,200 deer within the “Disease Zone” during the winter of 2011, and hunters provided samples from 2,300 deer harvested during the following fall with no additional CWD detected. It seems that the introduction of CWD i ...
norovirus - California Association for Medical Laboratory Technology
... community pools, shelters, houseboats, and recreation centers. These outbreaks occur CAMLT Distance Learning Course DL-996 © California Association for Medical Laboratory Technology ...
... community pools, shelters, houseboats, and recreation centers. These outbreaks occur CAMLT Distance Learning Course DL-996 © California Association for Medical Laboratory Technology ...
Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form. For the use of this method in warfare, see biological warfare.