Pertussis outbreaks in the developed countries
... A number of reports track adults as a source of infection in infants and small children, which testifies their possible role in pertussis outbreaks and transmission into younger age group 40. A precise diagnosis of pertussis in adolescents and adults is often difficult to be made by the physicians d ...
... A number of reports track adults as a source of infection in infants and small children, which testifies their possible role in pertussis outbreaks and transmission into younger age group 40. A precise diagnosis of pertussis in adolescents and adults is often difficult to be made by the physicians d ...
Green Book: Chapter
... disease is common in children. Jaundice may occur in 70–80% of those infected as adults. Fulminant hepatitis can occur but is rare. The overall case– fatality ratio is low but is greater in older patients and those with pre-existing liver disease. There is no chronic carrier state and chronic liver ...
... disease is common in children. Jaundice may occur in 70–80% of those infected as adults. Fulminant hepatitis can occur but is rare. The overall case– fatality ratio is low but is greater in older patients and those with pre-existing liver disease. There is no chronic carrier state and chronic liver ...
4.16 Rabies and other lyssaviruses
... reported in dogs, with cases later reported in humans. 12 Prior to this, Bali had been considered free of rabies, although rabies was known to occur in other areas of Indonesia. 13 In some parts of the world, bats are important reservoirs of classical rabies as well as other lyssaviruses, with bat l ...
... reported in dogs, with cases later reported in humans. 12 Prior to this, Bali had been considered free of rabies, although rabies was known to occur in other areas of Indonesia. 13 In some parts of the world, bats are important reservoirs of classical rabies as well as other lyssaviruses, with bat l ...
Australian Immunisation Handbook, 8th Edition Part 3: Vaccines
... Rabies vaccine is effective and safe when used for pre-exposure prophylaxis for either ABL3 or rabies1 (level IV evidence). The rationale for pre-exposure prophylaxis is that: (i) vaccination may provide protection to people with inapparent exposure to either ABL infection or rabies; (ii) it may pro ...
... Rabies vaccine is effective and safe when used for pre-exposure prophylaxis for either ABL3 or rabies1 (level IV evidence). The rationale for pre-exposure prophylaxis is that: (i) vaccination may provide protection to people with inapparent exposure to either ABL infection or rabies; (ii) it may pro ...
Implications of the Diphtheria Epidemic in the Former Soviet Union
... was reexamined and shortened, immunization schedules were revised, and the mass media were more widely used for spreading information about the epidemic and about the need for vaccination. Most NIS countries have made strenuous efforts to improve early diagnosis and treatment of cases. By the end of ...
... was reexamined and shortened, immunization schedules were revised, and the mass media were more widely used for spreading information about the epidemic and about the need for vaccination. Most NIS countries have made strenuous efforts to improve early diagnosis and treatment of cases. By the end of ...
Dissolving Illusions – Disease, Vaccines, and a History You Don`t
... vaccinated in England by 1801. Dr. Woodville had obtained his vaccine material from a cow belonging to a dairy in Gray’s Inn Lane in London. He vaccinated seven people, and only 5 days later, he proceeded to use the arm-to-arm vaccination for hundreds. However, almost all of these people had also be ...
... vaccinated in England by 1801. Dr. Woodville had obtained his vaccine material from a cow belonging to a dairy in Gray’s Inn Lane in London. He vaccinated seven people, and only 5 days later, he proceeded to use the arm-to-arm vaccination for hundreds. However, almost all of these people had also be ...
~ 5 ~ Smallpox and the First Vaccine
... vaccinated in England by 1801. Dr. Woodville had obtained his vaccine material from a cow belonging to a dairy in Gray’s Inn Lane in London. He vaccinated seven people, and only 5 days later, he proceeded to use the arm-to-arm vaccination for hundreds. However, almost all of these people had also be ...
... vaccinated in England by 1801. Dr. Woodville had obtained his vaccine material from a cow belonging to a dairy in Gray’s Inn Lane in London. He vaccinated seven people, and only 5 days later, he proceeded to use the arm-to-arm vaccination for hundreds. However, almost all of these people had also be ...
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
... *The Advisory Panel recommends that when a vaccine is designed for either subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) use, the SC route is used, both for patient comfort as well as for earlier detection of injection-site sarcomas **Several products (two FHV-1, FCV; one FPV, FHV-1, FCV; Bordetella; FIP) ...
... *The Advisory Panel recommends that when a vaccine is designed for either subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) use, the SC route is used, both for patient comfort as well as for earlier detection of injection-site sarcomas **Several products (two FHV-1, FCV; one FPV, FHV-1, FCV; Bordetella; FIP) ...
Vaccinia (Smallpox) Vaccine
... after percutaneous administration of a standard dose of vaccinia vaccine, >95% of primary vaccinees (i.e., persons receiving their first dose of vaccine) will experience neutralizing or hemagglutination inhibition antibody at a titer of >1:10 (21 ). Neutralizing antibody titers of >1:10 persist amon ...
... after percutaneous administration of a standard dose of vaccinia vaccine, >95% of primary vaccinees (i.e., persons receiving their first dose of vaccine) will experience neutralizing or hemagglutination inhibition antibody at a titer of >1:10 (21 ). Neutralizing antibody titers of >1:10 persist amon ...
MEASLES FAQs - Amazon Web Services
... susceptible persons with close contact to a measles patient will develop measles. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Measles virus can remain infectious on surfaces and in the air for up to t ...
... susceptible persons with close contact to a measles patient will develop measles. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Measles virus can remain infectious on surfaces and in the air for up to t ...
The Reemergence of Measles - University Of Wisconsin
... vaccine at age ≥15 months compared to 12 months [54], belying the importance of timing. Similar estimates of vaccine effectiveness have been reported from Australia and Europe [53]. The measles vaccine induces long lasting immunity in most persons, based on serologic and immunologic data [58]. Appro ...
... vaccine at age ≥15 months compared to 12 months [54], belying the importance of timing. Similar estimates of vaccine effectiveness have been reported from Australia and Europe [53]. The measles vaccine induces long lasting immunity in most persons, based on serologic and immunologic data [58]. Appro ...
MMWR - American Hospital Association
... Smallpox Transmission and Control Smallpox is transmitted from an infected person to another person. Patients are most infectious during the first 7–10 days after rash onset; transmission can occur during the prodromal period, immediately before rash onset, when lesions in the mouth ulcerate, releas ...
... Smallpox Transmission and Control Smallpox is transmitted from an infected person to another person. Patients are most infectious during the first 7–10 days after rash onset; transmission can occur during the prodromal period, immediately before rash onset, when lesions in the mouth ulcerate, releas ...
4 Administration of seasonal influenza vaccine
... virus, inactivated whole virus, split virus (derived by disrupting whole virus particles with detergents) or viral subunits (prepared by enriching for the viral surface glycoproteins haemagglutinin—HA) and neuraminidase—NA). Inactivated whole-virus preparations, which were first developed more than ...
... virus, inactivated whole virus, split virus (derived by disrupting whole virus particles with detergents) or viral subunits (prepared by enriching for the viral surface glycoproteins haemagglutinin—HA) and neuraminidase—NA). Inactivated whole-virus preparations, which were first developed more than ...
bcg vaccine (freeze-dried)
... BCG vaccination has NO value in the treatment of tuberculous disease. In accordance with the recommendations of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), BCG vaccination is recommended for the following persons:1 a) Infants and children belonging to groups with high rates of new infect ...
... BCG vaccination has NO value in the treatment of tuberculous disease. In accordance with the recommendations of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), BCG vaccination is recommended for the following persons:1 a) Infants and children belonging to groups with high rates of new infect ...
1 Basic Concept of Vaccination 1.1 Definition of vaccines
... vaccines are formulated (mixed) with other fluids (such as water or saline), additives or preservatives, and sometimes adjuvants. Collectively, these ingredients are known as the excipients. These ensure the quality and potency of the vaccine over its shelf-life. Vaccines are always formulated so as ...
... vaccines are formulated (mixed) with other fluids (such as water or saline), additives or preservatives, and sometimes adjuvants. Collectively, these ingredients are known as the excipients. These ensure the quality and potency of the vaccine over its shelf-life. Vaccines are always formulated so as ...
Vaccine Preventable Diseases
... – Virus attaches to and penetrates respiratory epithelial cells in trachea and bronchi – Viral replicates and destroys host cells – Virus shed in respiratory secretions for 5-10 days www.immunisation.ie ...
... – Virus attaches to and penetrates respiratory epithelial cells in trachea and bronchi – Viral replicates and destroys host cells – Virus shed in respiratory secretions for 5-10 days www.immunisation.ie ...
Haemophilus influenzae type b - Fact sheet - NCIRS
... (52%) followed by pneumonia (12%) and epiglottitis (10%).4 Most cases of Hib-related mortality and morbidity occur due to meningitis and pneumonia. Hib can also infect other organ systems and cause septic arthritis, pericarditis, osteomyelitis, bacteraemia or septicaemia, and cellulitis. Many other ...
... (52%) followed by pneumonia (12%) and epiglottitis (10%).4 Most cases of Hib-related mortality and morbidity occur due to meningitis and pneumonia. Hib can also infect other organ systems and cause septic arthritis, pericarditis, osteomyelitis, bacteraemia or septicaemia, and cellulitis. Many other ...
PDF printable version of 4.23 Yellow fever of the 10th edition of the
... Exemptions to vaccination People with a true contraindication to yellow fever vaccine (refer to 4.23.9 Contraindications below) who intend to travel to countries with a risk of yellow fever virus transmission should obtain a dated and signed letter on letterhead stationery from an accredited Yellow ...
... Exemptions to vaccination People with a true contraindication to yellow fever vaccine (refer to 4.23.9 Contraindications below) who intend to travel to countries with a risk of yellow fever virus transmission should obtain a dated and signed letter on letterhead stationery from an accredited Yellow ...
18 Varicella (Chickenpox and Shingles)
... to 2 percent.1 There is a higher risk when maternal infection occurs between 13 and 20 weeks gestation compared with 0 and 12 weeks (2 percent compared with 0.4 percent).2 The onset of chickenpox in pregnant women, from five days before delivery to two days after delivery, is estimated to result in s ...
... to 2 percent.1 There is a higher risk when maternal infection occurs between 13 and 20 weeks gestation compared with 0 and 12 weeks (2 percent compared with 0.4 percent).2 The onset of chickenpox in pregnant women, from five days before delivery to two days after delivery, is estimated to result in s ...
Childhood Immunisation Statistics Scotland
... In Scotland in 2015, uptake rates by 12 months of age for complete primary courses of immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio & Hib (the five-in-one vaccine), MenC and PCV remained high, with rates above 97%. The rotavirus vaccine was introduced to the routine schedule in July 201 ...
... In Scotland in 2015, uptake rates by 12 months of age for complete primary courses of immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio & Hib (the five-in-one vaccine), MenC and PCV remained high, with rates above 97%. The rotavirus vaccine was introduced to the routine schedule in July 201 ...
Influenza
... in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) of the vaccines. When this occurs, the recommendations in these guidelines, which are based on current expert advice from NIAC, should be followed. ...
... in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) of the vaccines. When this occurs, the recommendations in these guidelines, which are based on current expert advice from NIAC, should be followed. ...
STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS
... of murine virus between the 70th and 162nd mouse passage produced extensive paralysis in almost all of the injected guinea pigs. Paralysis also followed the injection of virus mouse brain after filtration through Berkefeld N or W candles, whereas control injections of normal mouse brain never caused ...
... of murine virus between the 70th and 162nd mouse passage produced extensive paralysis in almost all of the injected guinea pigs. Paralysis also followed the injection of virus mouse brain after filtration through Berkefeld N or W candles, whereas control injections of normal mouse brain never caused ...
Vaccines for the 21st century
... In the last century, vaccination has been the most effective medical intervention to reduce death and morbidity caused by infectious diseases. It is believed that vaccines save at least 2–3 million lives per year worldwide. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio has almost disappeared worldwide thro ...
... In the last century, vaccination has been the most effective medical intervention to reduce death and morbidity caused by infectious diseases. It is believed that vaccines save at least 2–3 million lives per year worldwide. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio has almost disappeared worldwide thro ...
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 90% to 95% of infections cause no symptoms. Another 5 to 10% of people have minor symptoms such as: fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs. These people are usually back to normal within one or two weeks. In about 0.5% of cases there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move. This can occur over a few hours to few days. The weakness most often involves the legs but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm. Many but not all people fully recover. In those with muscle weakness about 2% to 5% of children and 15% to 30% of adults die. Years after recovery post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected feces entering the mouth. It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from infected saliva. Those who are infected may spread the disease even if no symptoms are present for up to six weeks. The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood.The disease is preventable with the polio vaccine; however, a number of doses are required for it to be effective. The United States Center for Disease Control recommends polio vaccination boosters for travelers and those who live in countries where the disease is occurring. Once infected there is no specific treatment. In 2013 polio affected 416 people down from 350,000 cases in 1988. In 2014 the disease was only spreading between people in Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. In 2015 wild polio was eliminated in Nigeria.Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years, with depictions of the disease in ancient art. The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by Michael Underwood in 1789 and the virus that causes it was first identified in 1908 by Karl Landsteiner. Major outbreaks started to occur in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States. In the 20th century it became one of the most worrying childhood diseases in these areas. The first polio vaccine was developed in the 1950s by Jonas Salk. It is hoped that vaccination efforts and early detection of cases will result in global eradication of the disease by 2018. In 2013; however, there were reports of new cases in Syria and in May 2014, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern due to outbreaks of the disease in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The disease does not naturally occur in any other animals.