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Chemical Reactions All chemical reactions show a conservation of mass, energy and charge. A balanced chemical equation represents conservation of atoms. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation can be used to determine mole ratios in the reaction, and can further be used to predict relationships about amounts between products and reactants. The molar mass of a substance is the sum of the atomic masses of its atoms. The molar mass (gram formula mass) equals the mass of one mole of that substance. Ex Fe2O3 molar mass is equal to 2 x 55.85 grams + 3 x 16 grams =159.7 grams The percent composition by mass of each element in a compound can be calculated mathematically. Ex C6H12O6 molar mass is equal to 180 grams The percent composition of each of it’s components are 6(12.01) 180 x 100 = 40 %C 12(1.01) 180 x 100 = 7% H 6(16) 180 x 100 = 53 % O Types of chemical reactions include synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement. Synthesis A + B → AB ex. 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl Decomposition AB → A + B 2 NaCl → 2Na +Cl2 Single Replacement A + BD→ AD + B or E + BD → BE + D Mg +2 HCl → MgCl2 +H2 or F2 + NaCl → NaF + Cl2 *A&B are metals and E& D are nonmetals Combustion CxHy +O2 → CO2 +H2O Practice Questions 1. Which is an example of a synthesis reaction? A B C D 2. HCl + KOH→KCl + H2O Pb(NO3)2 + 2HBr→ PbBr2 + 2HNO3 C + O2 → CO2 Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2 Which of the following equations is balanced 3. If 3.50 g of H2S are used in the above reaction, what will be the theoretical yield of water in grams? A B C D 0.102 g 0.185 g 1.85 g 185 g 4. Carbon disulfide is prepared industrially by reacting carbon with sulfur dioxide according to the above equation. If 5.9 moles of carbon react, how many moles of CS2 are produced? A B C D 0.077 moles 1.2 moles 1.5 moles 30 moles 5. How many milliliters of 2.00 M H2SO4 are needed to provide 0.250 mole of H2SO4? A B C D 125 mL 1.25 x 101 mL 8.00 x 103 mL 8.00 M 6. When copper reacts with silver nitrate according to the equation, the number of grams of copper required to produce 432 grams of silver is — A B C D 31.5 g 127 g 216 g 252 g 7. The number of grams of oxygen required for the complete combustion of 4.00 grams of methane (CH4) is — A B C D 4.00 g 8.00 g 16.0 g 32.0 g Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 8. If 0.600 gram of zinc is used, what is the amount of zinc chloride that is produced in the above reaction? A B C D 0.125 gram 1.25 grams _ 12.5 grams 0.018 gram 2H2(g) + 02(g) 2H2O(g) 9. How many liters of oxygen are required to produce 2 liters of water at STP? A B C D 1 2 3 4 10. When magnesium metal (Mg) is burned, it forms MgO. How many moles of oxygen gas (O2) are needed to burn 10 moles of Mg? A B C D 2 5 10 20 2KOH + H2SO4 → 2H2O + K2SO4 11. What mass of potassium hydroxide is required to react completely with 2.70 g of sulfuric acid to produce potassium sulfate and water? A B C D 4.73 g 3.09 g _ 2.36 g 1.54 g W+X→Y+Z 12. How many grams of product Z will be formed if 12.0 g of W react with 10.0 g of X to form 8.0 g of product Y in the reaction shown? A B C D 8.0 g 10.0 g 12.0 g 14.0 g _ N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 13. If 6 liters of hydrogen gas are used, how many liters of nitrogen gas will be needed for the above reaction at STP? A 2 liters B 3 liters C 4 liters D 12 liters 14. In the combustion of ethane, how many moles of CO2 can be produced from 1.00 mole of C2H6? A B C D 0.500 mole 1.00 mole 2.00 moles 4.00 moles 15. Which reaction type best describes the reaction above? A B C D Combination Decomposition Single replacement Combustion 16. What type of reaction does this illustration represent? A B C D Decomposition Synthesis Single-replacement Double-replacement 17. The type of reaction represented by the above equation is — A B C D single-replacement double-replacement synthesis decomposition 18. A balanced chemical equation has equal numbers of atoms of each type on both sides of the equation. This illustrates the principle of — A B C D conservation of energy conservation of mass action and reaction natural selection Aluminum +Sulfuric Acid Aluminum Sulfate + Hydrogen Gas 19. Which of the following is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction shown above? A Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2 B 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 _ C 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2 D 2Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2 20. Which of these is the general formula for a double-replacement reaction? A B C D A +B AB AB + XY BA + YX AB + XY AY + XB A + B + XY AX + BY 21. The appropriate model for a decomposition reaction is — Al + HCl AlCl3 + H2 22. When the above equation is balanced, the coefficient of the hydrochloric acid will be — A B C D 2 3 4 6_ 23. Which set of coefficients will balance this equation? A B C D 1, 3, 1, 1 2, 3, 2, 6 2, 6, 2, 3 3, 6, 3, 24. Which half-reaction represents reduction? A B C D Cu0 → Cu+2 + 2eFe+2 → Fe+3 + 1eAg+1 + 1e- → Ag0 Al0 → Al+3 + 3e- 25. Which of the following best represents the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide? A B C D 2HCl + 2NaOH → Na(OH)2 + H2Cl2 HCl2 + 2Na(OH)2 → 2H2O +2NaCl + OH HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl 2HCl + Na(OH)2 → 2H2 + NaCl + O2 CH4 (g) + 2O2 ______ (g)+ 2H2O(g) 26. Which completes the chemical equation above? A B C D CO2 CO3 CO C 27. Which of the following models a synthesis reaction? A B C D Answers 1C 16A 2C 17A 3C 18B 4B 19B 5A 20C 6B 21A 7C 22D 8B 23C 9A 24C 10B 25C 11B 26A 12D 27C 13A 14 C 15C