Download sum I am

Nōmen _____________________
Term 1
Latin I, Magistra Snyder / Magister Jaffe, R ______
Packet 4
THE VERB SUM, ESSE TO BE, PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES, AND THE ABLATIVE CASE
The Verb sum, esse to be
We have encountered the verbs est and sunt before in the PRESENT Tense

est means _______________

sunt means _______________
BUT, for all other verbs we’ve seen, we’ve been able to conjugate them completely, that is in ALL
persons (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and numbers (singular and plural). For this verb, we’ve only seen the _______
person _________ and ____________ forms in the present tenses.
Its principal parts are sum, esse = I am, to be
Here is the full conjugation of sum, esse in the PRESENT TENSE:
LATIN FORM
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
1st person sing.
sum
I am
2nd person sing.
es
you are
3rd person sing.
est
he/she/it is / there is
1st person pl.
sumus
we are
2nd person pl.
estis
you all are
3rd person pl.
sunt
they are / there are
Even though we call this verb IRREGULAR because its STEM changes…
a. What are the two different Present Stems of this verb?
o
_____________ and _____________
Are the Personal Endings the same as the ones that you’ve learned for the Present Tense?
YES
NO
EXERCITĀTIO
Directions: Annotate and translate the following sentences into English
1. ‘sum rex deōrum’ dī cit Iuppiter.
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2.
‘es puella pulchra’ Prōserpinae* deus.
3. in agrō est malum monstrum
(Prōserpinae = to Proserpina)
(malum = evil)
4. rēgī nae et regulī sunt in rēgnī s
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
Usually, the action of a verb is completed by a direct object.
Ex. Iuppiter rēgnum regit Jupiter rules the kingdom
Because the verb sum, esse is not an action verb, but rather a condition verb, it is not completed by a
direct object. Instead it is completed by a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE.
Ex. Iuppiter est deus
Jupiter is a god.
A PREDICATE NOMINATIVE is a noun or adjective that further describes the nominative subject of a
form of the verb sum, esse. It is always in the nominative case. It is annotated with a circle.
EXERCITĀTIO
Directions: Circle all of the predicate nominatives below
Sāturnus est deus.
Saturn is a god.
Sāturnus est magnus.
Saturn is great.
Sāturnus est vir Rheae.
Saturn is the husband of Rhea.
Rhea est fēmina Sāturnī .
Rhea is the wife of Saturn.
2
Sāturnus et Rhea sunt deī .
Saturn and Rhea are gods.
Sāturnus et Rhea sunt vir et fēmina.
Saturn and Rhea are man and
fī liae sunt amicae.
The daughters are friends.
wife.
orāculum est malum.
The prophecy is bad.
sumus deī .
We are gods.
es deus.
You are a god.
est monstrum in regnō.
There is a monster in the kingdom.
sunt filiī in tectō.
There are children in the house.
NOTĀTE BENE! The predicate nominative noun or adjective must agree with the subject in GENDER
(masculine, feminine, or neuter) and NUMBER (singular or plural).
Ex. fēminae sunt bonae (The women are good) NOT fēminae sunt bonum because bonae must
be feminine and plural to agree with the feminine, plural subject fēminae
EXERCITĀTIO
I.
Translate the following sentences into English
a. Iuppiter est rex deōrum
b. ‘es malus vir’, Iuno Iovī dī cit.
c. ‘sumus rex et rēgina Orcī ’, Prōserpinae Pluto dī cit.
d. ‘estis deī ! cūr nōn datis auxilium mihi?’ deī s Prōserpina dī cit.
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II.
Complete the following Latin sentences with the correct form of the missing word. Then
translate the complete sentence.
a. Prōserpina (is) ______________ fī lia Cereris.
b. Ceres et Prōserpina (are)
c. ‘(I am)
māter et fī lia.
nunc rēgina et uxor Plutōnis’ dī cit Prōserpina.
Vocabulary
auxilium, auxiliī n. help
Cereris = of Ceres
cūr why
deī s = to the gods
Iovī = to Jupiter
mater = mother (nom. sg. f.)
mihi = to me
nunc now
Orcī = of the Underworld
Plutōnis = of Pluto
Prōserpinae = to Proserpina
uxor = wife (nom. sg. f.)
THE ABLATIVE CASE
So far we’ve learned two NOUN cases:

NOMINATIVE: used for
and
1st declension feminine, puella, -ae f. = girl
1st declension (fem.)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Nominative
puell____
puell_____
2nd declension masculine, deus, -ī m. = god
2nd declension (masc.)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Nominative
de______
de______
2nd declension neuter, rēgnum, –ī n. = kingdom
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2nd declension (neuter)
SINGULAR
PLURAL

Nominative
rēgn_____
rēgn_____
ACCUSATIVE: used for the ________________________________ of a sentence
1st declension feminine, puella, -ae f. = girl
1st declension (fem.)
SINGULAR
Accusative
puell____
PLURAL
puell_____
2nd declension masculine, deus, -ī m. = god
2nd declension (masc.)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Accusative
de______
de______
2nd declension neuter, rēgnum, –ī n. = kingdom
2nd declension (neuter)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Accusative
rēgn_____
rēgn_____
We’ve also encountered ANOTHER case that we have yet to label, in PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES like the
following:

cum puellā pulchrā = ___________________________________

ex agrō = ___________________________________

in rēgnō = ___________________________________
What ENDINGS do you see on each of these nouns?

1st declension fem. sing. = ___________

2nd declension masc. sing.= ____________

2nd declension neuter sing.= ____________
In the plural these phrases become…

cum puellī s pulchrī s = ___________________________________
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
ex agrī s = ___________________________________

in rēgnī s = ___________________________________
The plural ending for ALL GENDERS (fem., masc., neut.) for the ABLATIVE is = ____________

These endings are in the case we call the ABLATIVE case. Many prepositions are followed by
words in this case, usually ones which describe LOCATION or show a RELATIONSHIP between
people or things

You will know that a preposition is followed by an ablative noun when it is listed as “+ abl.” or
“+acc.” in your vocabulary section or a dictionary
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Prepositions

PREPOSITIONS are words (or phrases) that show ______________, _______________ or a
_______________ to another word in the sentence.

The noun (or pronoun) that follows the PREPOSITION is called the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION.

Together the _____________________ and the _____________________ (and any other modifiers, like
adjectives) form a ______________________________.
The OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION (O.P.)
Consider the following English examples:

I love my sister. She is great, but I don’t have much in common (with

Cicero was a great Roman orator. He wrote many speeches and letters, and we know a lot
(about
).
).
In Latin, the O.P. will either be in the ACCUSATIAVE or ABLATIVE case.

vir (in villā) habitat. The man lives in the house. [villā = ABLATIVE]

fēmina (ad aquam) currit. The woman runs to the water. [aquam = ACCUSATIVE]
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

The gods live
Olympus.
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
o
What word or words could fill the blank?
o
What is the PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE?
o
What noun does it modify?
The gods have dominion
mankind.
o
What word or words could fill the blank?
o
What is the PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE?
o
What noun does it modify?
EXERCITĀTIO
Directions: Put parentheses around all prepositional phrases in the following sentences. Identify
which part of the clause is being modified.
1) Jupiter takes Juno (for his wife).
a. Noun modified = ___Juno__________
2) Jupiter and Juno talk about their son, Mars, the god of war.
a. Noun modified = ___
__________
3) Jupiter has many children with goddesses and mortal women.
a. Noun modified = ___
__________
4) Jupiter approaches women in disguise.
a. Noun modified = ___
__________
5) in Olympō deī et deae habitant.
a. Noun modified = ___
__________
6) deus ad terram volat.
a. Noun modified = ___
__________
7) deus fēminam cum fī liī s videt.
a. Noun modified = ___
__________
8) per aquam deae natant.
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a. Noun modified = ___
__________
natō, natāre to swim
volō, volāre to fly
LUDUS
Directions: This is a scavenger hunt! Look through your ‘Case of the Stolen Maiden’ translation and
list all of the prepositional phrases you find and the CASE of the noun that follows them
i.
_in agrō = in the field (line 1)
__
[_ABL_]
ii.
[______]
iii.
[______]
iv.
[______]
v.
[______]
EXERCITĀTIO
Directions: Annotate and translate the following sentences. Remember to put (parentheses) around
prepositional phrases.
1. Iuppiter ā Saturnō rēgnum capit =
2. fēmina in agrō habitat =
3. dea cum filiā lacrimat =
Directions: Translate the following prepositional phrases into Latin
4. in the kingdom = ________________________
5. with the women = ________________________
6. out of the earth = ________________________
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INDEPENDENT ABLATIVES
Up until now, we’ve only seen the ABLATIVE case used in prepositional phrases:
Ex.
in rēgnō = in the kingdom
sub terrā = underneath the earth
cum puellā pulchrā = with a beautiful girl
However, the ABLATIVE CASE can ALSO be used without a preposition…
Pluto puellam curriculō capit. = Pluto captures the girl ______ (his) chariot.
What word should be used to translate the ABLATIVE noun curriculō? ______________
NOTES:

A noun in the ABLATIVE CASE can also be used without a preposition.

When an ablative is by itself, or does NOT have a preposition in front of it, we call it an
INDEPENDENT ABLATIVE.

If the ablative noun expresses the ______________________ or ______________________ by which
the action of a verb is done, it is called the ABLATIVE OF MEANS.

This kind of ablative noun is always a _________________________ thing, NEVER a person or
____________ thing.
The INDEPENDENT usage of the ablative can be translated with these English prepositions:
B___ W______ I__ O__ F______
EXERCITĀTIO
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1. Plūto rōtī s ex terrā venit.
[rotae, -ārum, f.pl. chariot (literally, wheels)]
a. Ablative of Means noun = ____________
b. English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means noun = _________
c. Sentence Translation: ____________________________________________________________
2. formā deus puellam terret.
`
[forma, -ae f. appearance, form; terreō, terrēre to frighten, scare]
d. Ablative of Means noun = ____________
e. English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means noun = _________
f. Sentence Translation: ____________________________________________________________
3. dea virum saxō fallit.
[fallō, fallere to deceive; saxum, -ī n. rock, stone]
g. Ablative of Means noun = ____________
h. English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means noun = _________
i.
Sentence Translation: ____________________________________________________________
4. auxiliō deōrum* Prōserpina ex Orcō fugere cupit.
*deōrum = of the gods
[auxilium, auxiliī n. help; ex out of, from]
j.
Ablative of Means noun = ____________
k. English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means noun = _________
l.
Sentence Translation: ____________________________________________________________
EXERCITĀTIO
Directions: Decline the following nouns in all three cases we’ve learned so far
1. puella, puellae f. girl
CASE
DECLENSION #________
SINGULAR
PLURAL
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NOMINATIVE
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
2. deus, deī m. god
DECLENSION #________
CASE
SINGULAR
PLURAL
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
NOMINATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
3. rēgnum, rēgnī n. kingdom
CASE
DECLENSION #________
SINGULAR
PLURAL
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
NOMINATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
4. fēmina, fēminae f. woman
CASE
DECLENSION #________
SINGULAR
PLURAL
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
NOMINATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
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ABLATIVE
__________________
5. orāculum, orāculī n. prophecy
CASE
__________________
DECLENSION #________
SINGULAR
PLURAL
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
NOMINATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
6. vir, virī m. man; husband
CASE
DECLENSION #________
SINGULAR
PLURAL
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
NOMINATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
CHECK: ______
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SEASONS OF LOVE
Directions: Annotate and translate the following passage below. The words
in italics are neither subjects nor direct objects.
1.
sine filiā, Cerēs lacrimat et nōn frumenta crescere sinit.
2. Helios, deus solis, deam narrat ubi Prōserpina est. Cerēs irāta
est
3. sine filiā, virī et fēminae irātī sine frumentī s sunt. Iuppiter,
rēx
4. deōrum, Plutōnem reddere puellam iubet.
5.
in rēgnō sub terrā, Pluto imperium Iovis audit. sed prius
6. granatum Prōsepinae dat. Prōserpina VI grana consumit. quod
7. deī puellās vivās in Orcō cibum nōn consumere sinunt,
Hermes
8. Prōserpinam punit.
9.
Prōserpina in terrā cum Cerere VI mensibus vivit, sub
terrā
10. cum virō VI mensibus vivit. ubi filia cum Cerere est, frumenta
11. crescunt. ubi Prōserpina cum deō in Orcō est, frumenta nōn
NOUNS
Cerēs = Ceres (nom. sg. f.)
Cerere = Ceres (abl. sg. f.)
cibum, - ī n. food
deōrum = of the gods
*fēmina, -ae f. woman
frumentum, -ī n. grain, crop
granatum, granatī
n.pomegrate
granum, granī n. seed
Helios Helios (nom. sg. m.)
Hermes Hermes/Mercury
(nom. sg. m.)
imperium, imperiī n. order
Iovis = of Jupiter
mensibus = for ___ months
Proserpinae = to
Proserpina
puella, puellae f. girl
rēx king (nom. sg. m.)
solis = of the sun
vir, virī m. man, husband
VERBS
consumō, consumere,
consumpsī , consumptus
to consume, eat
crescō, crescere ,crevī ,
cretus to grow
*do, dare, dedī , datus to give
*iubeō, iubēre, iussī , iussus
to order
lacrimō, lacrimāre,
lacrimāvī , lacrimātus to
cry
narrō, narrāre, narrāvī ,
narrātus to tell
puniō, punī re, punivī ,
punitus to punish
*reddō, reddere, reddidī ,
redditus to return
*sinō, sinere, sivī , situs to
allow, permit
vivō, vivere, vixī , victus to
live
12. crescunt.
ADJECTIVES
*irātus, irāta, irātum angry
vivus, viva, vivum living,
alive
TRANSLATION:
ADVERBS
*quod because
prius: first, before
*ubi where, when
1.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
CHECK: _________
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