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Unit 1 Study Guide Answers 1. Level of Organization Individual species Population Community Ecosystem Biome biosphere Description A single organism A group of organisms of the same species More than one population that live together in the same area Different populations that live together with their environment (includes biotic and abiotic factors) A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and types of organisms. The entire living planet Example 1 zebra Group of zebras Lions, zebras, tigers, and bears Lions, zebras, tigers, and bears, rocks, mountains, trees African grasslands or ocean The earth 2. Biotic factors: living parts of the environment (humans, animals, trees, etc.) Abiotic: non-living parts of the environment 9rocks, mountains, air, water, etc.) 3. Biotic and abiotic factors depend on one another for survival. Example of biotic (humans) affecting abiotic (water and air): humans contribute to water and air pollution with everyday activities. Example of abiotic (rocks) affecting biotic (rock dwelling lizards): If all the rocks are removed from a desert ecosystem, the population of rock dwelling lizards will decrease causing a disruption in the ecosystem. 4. Producers (autotrophs): capture light from the sun and use it to create energy (photosynthesis). 5. Photosynthesis Process of capturing energy from the sun and converting it into chemical energy. Chemosynthesis Processing of capturing chemical energy from underwater hydrothermal vents and converting it to a usable form. 6. Consumers (heterotrophs): an organism that must get energy from digesting other organisms. 7. A food chain shows the transfer of energy from one organism to the next. A food web is more than one food chain in one food web. 8. When disturbances to food webs happen, their effects can be dramatic. For example, in the food chain gizmo, if the rabbits were diseased, their population would decrease and so would the population of the snakes and hawks because there would be a decrease in their food supply. 9. Each step in a food chain or food web is called trophic level. 10. The sizes represent the amount of energy available at each level. 11. The fungi (mushrooms) 12. Decomposers break down dead or decaying matter and recycle energy from the top consumer to the producer. 13. Carbon is removed by photosynthesis. 14. Burning forests, burning fossil fuels, and respiration all put carbon back into the atmosphere. 15. Humans impact the carbon cycle in multiple ways. For example, cutting trees means there are less trees/plants to perform photosynthesis to take carbon out of the atmosphere. Also, burning trees and fossil fuels add carbon to the atmosphere. 16. Simply put: energy is a one-way flow and nutrients are a cycle. Energy is essentially “lost” as it moves though organisms in an ecosystem. It is transferred to other forms of energy (heat etc.) not usable by organisms once converted. Therefore, it “flows” in one direction. Nutrients, however; are constantly being changed from one form to another that are usable by organisms, so they are cycled back and forth through living systems.