Download Sequence Differences between COII Genes in Some Animals Animal

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“Principles of Evolution” Common Assessment
Review Questions
1.
Give a description of natural selection. Give an example of how natural
selection works.
2.
Natural selection is also called “survival of the fittest”. What does that
mean? Give an example.
3.
List the four main points of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Using natural selection as the basis for your answer, explain why giraffes
have long necks.
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5.
Use the graph to answer the question below:
Tail length in mice varies within a population. Scientists observed change in the
distribution of tail lengths in a mouse population over time. At the genetic level,
what has most likely happened to the allele for the shortest tail lengths?
A. The allele changed from being dominant to being recessive.
B. The allele changed from being autosomal to being sex-linked.
C. The allele became less frequent than the alleles for longer tail lengths.
D. The allele began to code for long tail lengths instead of the shortest ones.
6.
What is an adaptation? How can it be inherited?
7.
Finches on the Galapagos Islands have different beak sizes depending on
which island they are on. What is the reason for this adaptation?
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8.
Use the graph to answer the question below:
The graphs illustrate change in a lizard population over time. Which process most
likely led to the change in the lizard population?
A. natural selection acting on a harmful trait
B. natural selection acting on a beneficial trait
C. natural selection acting on a dominant trait
D. natural selection acting on a recessive trait
9.
Explain how the founder effect is an example of genetic drift?
10.
If a species can’t adapt to an environmental change, what can happen to it?
11. The combined genetic information (alleles) of all the members of a particular
population make up the population’s _______________________.
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12.
What is speciation?
13.
What are the basic steps of speciation, and how does this relate to the
Galapagos Islands and Darwin’s discoveries about the species found on each
island?
14. What is genetic drift? Give an example.
15.
If the vegetation on an island produces hard seeds, how might that affect the
evolution of a species of birds?
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16.
Speciation can happen if a group of individuals within a population becomes
isolated. What are the three kinds of isolation that can occur and give an
example of each?
a.
b.
c.
17.
In North America, the eastern spotted skunk mates in late winter, and the
western spotted skunk mates in late summer. Even though their geographic
ranges overlap, the species do not mate with each other. What most likely
prevents these two species from interbreeding?
A. habitat isolation
B. gametic isolation
C. geographic isolation
D. reproductive isolation
18.
What is meant by natural (genetic) variation? What two things cause it?
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19.
A mutation occurs in a certain group of finches. The finches develop
narrower beaks in order to eat the insects that live in trees. What will
determine if the frequency of this new allele will increase in the finches?
20.
Why are mutations in the ovaries and testes more likely to influence
evolution than mutations that occur in other parts of the body?
21.
A mutation occurs in the genes that code for coat color in deer. Which
change will most likely result from this mutation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
22.
a change in the selection pressures acting on coat color
a change in the coat-color genes of deer predator species
an increase in coat-color diversity in the population
an increase in the number of genes for coat color in the population
Charles Darwin took a journey around the world on the HMS Beagle.
Where did he go and how did this lead him to develop his theory of
evolution?
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23.
A vestigial organ is an organ that served a purpose in the distant ancestor of
an organism, but is not longer needed in the presently existing, recently
evolved, organism. Give an example of a human vestigial organ and explain
how it suggests common ancestry.
24.
Modern whales resemble extinct land mammals in several characteristics.
What does this similarity suggest about the evolution of modern whales?
25.
What are homologous structures? Give an example.
26.
The frequency of an allele in a fly population changes from 89% to 20%
after three generations. Which other events most likely occurred during the
same time period?
A.
B.
C.
D.
an environmental change and a fly population increase
an environmental change and a fly population decrease
interbreeding of flies with an invasive species and fly population
speciation
interbreeding of flies with an established local species and fly
population speciation
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27.
Use the table below to answer the following question:
Students’ Observations of a Pond Ecosystem
Quantitative
Qualitative
37 fish and 3 frogs
Leaves lie on the bottom of the pond.
2 types of aquatic grass
Water insects move along the water’s
surface.
12 small rocks and 1 medium
All 3 frogs are sitting on a pond bank.
rock
sand
A group of students measured a ten-square-meter section of a pond
ecosystem and recorded observations. Which of the following statements is a
testable hypothesis?
A.
The frogs living in the pond represent a population.
B.
Water is an abiotic component in the pond ecosystem.
C.
If the fish are given more food, then they will be happier.
D.
If the frogs are startled, then they will jump into the water.
28. Use the diagram below to answer the following question:
Which organisms on the chart above share a common ancestor? How can
you tell?
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29.
Use the following diagram to answer the following question:
The skeletons of mammalian forelimbs represent variations of a structure
that was present in their common ancestor. What has most likely caused the
variation in forelimbs?
A.
changes in muscle structure
B.
changes in the genetic codes
C.
trait formation due to behaviors
D.
development of vestigial structures
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30.
Use the table below to answer the following questions:
Sequence Differences between COII Genes in Some Animals
Number of Base Differences from a Rat
Animal
Mouse
101
Cow
136
The gene COII is in the genome of many organisms. A comparison of the
number of base differences between the COII gene in a rat and that of two
other animals is shown.
Part A:
Based on the data, describe a possible evolutionary relationship
between rats, mice, and cows.
Part B:
Describe how different organisms having a common gene such
as COII supports the theory of evolution.
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