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Present Perfect
When to use it:
The present perfect is a past tense. It’s function in Spanish is similar to its function in English.
Use it to:
 Express an action or event initiated in the past but still taking place in the present
Hemos vivido aquí por 5 años.
We have lived here for 5 years.

An action or event that occurs in the past but does not indicate a concrete time.
Ella nos ha esperado en la oficina.
She has waited for us in the office.
La nueva Iphone 4s de Señora P no ha llegado.
Present Perfect is a compound tense that uses the auxiliary verb haber, plus the past participle of a verb.
It is used to express I have walked, you have talked, we have studied, etc. In English (as was just
demonstrated), it uses the verb to have (as the auxiliary) and then the past participle is the same as the
verb in the past tense (ed form of a verb). In Spanish, this tense is formed as:
Haber
Yo he
Tú has
Él, ella, usted ha
nosotros hemos
vosotros habéis
ellos/ellas/ustedes han
To form REGULAR past participles in Spanish:
AR verbs: take off the ar, and add ado
Er/ir verbs: take off the er/ir and add ido
examples
hablado
comido, sido, vivido
Regular Verb Practice (Present Perfect)
1. Pedro y yo ______________________ (caminar).
2. Tú no ____________________ (acabar) tus ejercicios.
3. Las señoras ____________________ (salir).
4. Yo ya ___________________. (comer)
5. ¿Quién __________________? (llegar)
Irregular Past Participles
Er or Ir verbs with stem vowels a, e, or o immediately preceding the infinitive ending require a written
accent mark over the I of the participle form.
Infinitive form
Atraer (to attract)
Caer
Creer
Leer
Oír
Reír
Sonreír
traer
Write out the Past Participle
atraído
Other inexplicable, strangely irregular verbs (Just because)
Abrir
to open
abierto
Cubrir
to cover
cubierto
Decir
to say
dicho
Disolver (se)
to dissolve
disuelto
Escribir
to write
escrito
Hacer
to make, to do
hecho
Imprimir
to print
impreso
Morir
to die
muerto
Poner
to put, to place
puesto
Resolver
to resolve
resuelto
Romper
to break
roto
Ver
to see
visto
Volver
to return
vuelto
Freír
to fry
frito
Object Pronouns: Where do they go?
With the present perfect, all object pronouns (including reflexive pronouns) are always placed
immediately before the auxiliary haber; Indirect Object pronouns + direct object pronouns + haber +
past participle
Never separate the auxiliary and the past participle; when you conjugate verbs in this tense they must
always stay together! The no and object pronouns go in front!
Examples:
Me he cepillado los dientes.
Sabrina se ha comido tres chocolates.
Ella me ha respondido rápidamente.
Past Perfect
The past perfect is used to express an event or action completed in the past just before other actions or
events.
La fiesta había comenzado.
Marta había salido cuando yo llegué.
The party had begun.
Maria had left when I arrived.
To form the past perfect, you use the verb haber in the imperfect form, plus the past particple of a verb.
Haber (in imperfect)
Había
habíamos
Habías
habíais
Había
habían
Examples:
See above….
Future Perfect
The future perfect is used to:
Express an action that will take place in the future before another action or event
A estas horas mañana ellos harán salido del país.
At this time tomorrow they will have
left the country.
To express conjecture or probability in the past.
¿Quién Habrá tocado a la puerta?
Larry no contestó. Se habrá ido.
Who could have knocked at the door?
Larry did not answer. He must have left.
To express reservations or to question the reality of an action in the past.
Lucy habrá bajado de peso pero no se nota.
El estudiante habrá terminado su tarea pero
no lo entrega.
Lucy might have lost weight but it is not
noticeable.
The student might have finished his homework
but he didn’t turn it in.
To form the future perfect, you use the haber in the future tense as the auxiliary, and then the past
participle of the verb.
Habré
Habrás
Habrá
habremos
habréis
habrán
Plus the past participle of the verb.