Download Chapter 1: Genetics as a Human Endeavor

Chapter 1: Genetics as a Human Endeavor
*Genetics is more than a laboratory science, unlike some of the other science disciplines,
genetics and biotechnology have a direct impact on society.
I. Welcome to Genetics
A. Genetics defined –
1.
2.
B. Biotechnology –
1.
II. What are genes and how do they work?
A. Gene –
B.
DNA –
C.
Genetic code –
D. Genes code for proteins
1. Proteins –
III. How are genes transmitted from parent to offspring?
*Gregor Mendel –
A. Trait –
B.
Progeny –
C.
Mendel’s Ideas:
1.
2.
3.
D. Chromosome theory –
E.
Location of chromosomes –
1. eukaryotic cell –
IV. How do scientists study genes?
A. Approaches to the study of genetics:
1. transmission genetics –
2. Pedigree analysis –
3. Cytogenetics –
a) Karyotype -
4. Molecular genetics –
a) Recombinant DNA Technology -
b) Pre – natal diagnosis
c) DNA Fingerprinting
d) Advances –
5. Population genetics –
a)
b)
B.
Genetics is used in basic and applied research:
1. Basic Research –
2. Applied Research –
V.
What is the historical impact of genetics on society?
*genetics has had a large impact on law and social policy
A. Genetics directly affected social policy
1. Eugenics a) basis –
b) How it worked:
c) Problems:
1)
2)
d) how long was it practiced –
B.
Eugenics helped change immigration laws
1. Immigration act of 1924 -
2. Chinese Exclusion acts of 1882 & 1907 -
3. 1907 –
4. The early decades –
5. how long did the laws last –
C.
Eugenics helped restrict reproductive rights
1. Sterilization laws –
2. 10% -
3. Banning of certain genetics defects and criminals
4. Refer to US Supreme Court 1927 Buck vs. Bell:
a) what the court said -
b) never been overturned
c) 1930 –
d) repeals began in 1960’s.
D. Eugenics was associated with the Nazi movement
GERMANY
1. Systemic killing –
2. other groups targeted –
*due to Nazi association, eugenics began to decline in the US by mid
1930’s
*read page 10 “concepts”
*think about upcoming cloning debates
VI. When did human genetics get started?
1. avoided during popularity of eugenics
2. WWII –
3. Milestones:
a) 1949 –
b) 1956 –
c) 1959 –
d) 1953 –
e) 1970’s –
f) 1970-1990 –
1)
2)
3)
g) 1991 – HGP begins –
h) IVF –
i) Transgenic organisms –
VII. Where is human genetics going in the future?
1.
2.
3. Gene therapy
4. Cloning