Download Evolution and History of Life

Natural Selection Lab
By Jane
Horlings
I’iwi, Hawaiian honeycreeper
Archaeopteryx fossil
Passenger pigeon, which became extinct in
the early 1900s due to human hunting
History
• Ideas about evolution
originated before Darwin
• Aristotle
• Fossils
• Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
– Inheritance of acquired
characteristics
Aristotle (UL), Ammonite fossil (UR), Lamarck (L)
History
• Lamarck
– Characteristics which an organism
developed during its lifetime were
inherited
– Now known to be invalid
History
• Charles Darwin
• H.M.S. Beagle
• South America & the
Galapagos Islands
H.M.S. Beagle (U),
Galapagos turtle (LL),
Darwin at early age (LR)
History
History
• Finches in the Galapagos
History
• Other scientists and research
influenced Darwin’s theory
• Charles Lyell: Principles of
Geology
Lyell
History
• Economist Thomas Malthus
History
• Alfred Russel Wallace
Wallace, early (R), and later in life (L)
History
• Darwin proposed that evolution
occurs by natural selection
• On the Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection published in 1859
History
• Darwin's theory had four parts:
1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive to
reproductive age
2. Members of a population vary and some of these
variations are heritable
3. Resources available to a population are limited
4. Organisms with the most favorable traits have
differential reproductive success, and those traits
are passed to the next generation
History
• The synthetic theory of evolution or
Neo-Darwinism
Darwin (R), Mendel (L)
History
Darwin in cartoon from 1800s
Darwin died in 1882
Selection
• Selection = when some individuals leave behind more
offspring than others, and the rate at which they do so is
affected by their inherited characteristics
• Selection can be artificial or natural
Peppered moth
Selection
• Artificial selection
Selection
• Biotechnology / Genetic engineering
Selection
• Natural selection
• Natural selection is the result of differential reproduction by
members of a population
• “Reproduction of the fittest!”
Selection
See? The offspring
in the last
generation now all
have the gene
allowing them to be
resistant to the
pesticide! This is a
great example of
selection!
End