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Transcript
Minerals – Chemistry Review • Minerals are made up of different chemical elements bound together Elements • An element is a substance that can not be made into simpler form by ordinary chemical means • The smallest unit is an atom The Atom • Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus • Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus • Electrons are negatively charged and are located outside of the nucleus • The number of protons plus neutrons gives the atom its atomic mass • All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons Isotopes • Atoms of an element with differing numbers of neutrons are know as isotopes Ions • When an atom gains or loses electrons, it is known as an ion • Atoms gain and lose electrons in order to have a full outermost valence shell Molecules • When atoms bond, they form compounds • The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule Chemical Bonding • Ionic Bonds: Electrons are transferred between atoms. Metals give up electrons to non-metals • Covalent bond: An atom shares one or more electrons with another atom
