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Vocabulary for Periodic Table (Chapter 5) 1) Proton: a positively charged particle located in an atom’s nucleus. 2) Neutron: a particle that has no electric charge and is located in an atom’s nucleus. 3) Nucleus: the central region of an atom where most of the atom’s mass is found in protons and neutrons. 4) Electron: a negatively charged particle located outside an atom’s nucleus. 5) Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. 6) Atomic mass number: the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. 7) Isotope: atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons. 8) Ion: when an atom loses or gains electrons. 9) Atomic mass: the average mass of the atoms in an element. 10) Periodic Table: a table of elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties. 11) Group: a vertical column in the periodic table of the elements that have similar properties; also called a family. 12) Period: a horizontal row in the periodic table of elements that have varying properties. 13) Reactive: indicates how likely an element is to undergo a chemical change. 14) Metal: an element that tends to be shiny, easily shaped, and a good conductor of electricity and heat. 15) Nonmetal: an element that is not metal and has properties generally opposite to those of metal. 16) Metalloid: an element that has properties of both metal and nonmetal. 17) Radioactivity: the process by which the nucleus of an atom of an element releases energy and particles. 18) Half-life: the amount of time it takes for one-half of the atoms in a particular sample to decay.