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Chemistry Vocabulary List Week #5 1. Nucleus => The dense central part of the atom, contains all the positive charge, nearly all of the mass, but a very small fraction of the volume of an atom. 2. Proton => Positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom; charge = +1, mass = 1 atomic mass unit 3. Neutron => Neutrally charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom; charge = 0, mass = 1 atomic mass unit 4. Electron => Negatively charged particle located outside the nucleus of the atom; charge = -1, mass = 0 (mass is so small it is considered zero compared to neutrons or protons 5. Atomic number => equal to the number of protons, used to identify the element 6. Atomic mass (mass number) => total mass of all the sub-atomic particles in an atom; since the mass of electrons is so small it can be ignored, then the atomic mass = protons + neutrons 7. Isotope => atoms of the same element with different mass numbers; atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons 8. Alpha particle, or Alpha radiation => a particle created by atom undergoing alpha decay, contains two protons and two neutrons (no electrons), mass = 4 atomic mass units, charge = +2 (symbols: α, 42He+2) 9. Beta particle, or Beta radiation => a particle created by an atom undergoing beta decay; charge = -1, mass = 0, essentially zero compared to other subatomic particles (symbols: β, 0-1e-1) 10. Gamma radiation => a non-particle form of radiation produced by an atom that is a gamma emitter; mass = 0, charge = 0 (symbol: γ)