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What is the smallest unit of matter that we can find everywhere, even in tuna fish? What charge do electrons have? What are elements? Who organized the atomic elements? What do we call a horizontal row on the periodic table? What do we call the vertical columns on the periodic table? The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic ________? Element: a pure, simple substance that can't be broken down into any other substance by physical or chemical means. Atom: The smallest particle of an element; the building blocks of all matter. Subatomic parts of an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons Proton: Positively charged particle of an atom. The number of protons identifies the element and determines most of the properties of that element. Electron: Negatively charged particle of an atom. Neutron: Neutrally charged particle of an atom (no charge) Nucleus: The very small center core of an atom made up of protons and neutrons. Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Atomic Mass: The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Periodic Table: a way of organizing elements according to their atomic number and properties.