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http://download.elearningontario.ca/repository/1235730000/SBI3UPU03/SBI3UPU03A01/overview.html SBI3U: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation Unit 3: Evolution Activity 1: Evolve or Die – Theory of Evolution Overview | Expectations | Content | Assignment Overview This activity will introduce you to the Theory of Evolution. You will learn about the contributions of scientists preceding Darwin and how these scientists helped set the stage for the theory of evolution. You will learn of Darwin’s voyage of discovery to South America and how he came to realize that species evolve over time. You will learn of the theory he formulated in his paper called the “Origin of Species”. You will continue to add to your portfolio notes and create a timeline of major events leading to the Theory of Evolution. You will write a mock dialogue between yourself and a scientist who was a major contributor to evolutionary thought. SBI3U: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation Unit 3: Evolution Activity 1: Evolve or Die – Theory of Evolution Overview | Expectations | Content | Assignment Content In the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists began questioning beliefs on the formation of the Earth and began formulating new theories about the Earth’s origins and how the Earth changed and continues to change. Scientists such as James Hutton and Sir Charles Lyell revolutionized ideas about the Earth. Notably, they challenged the notion that Earth was stagnant. This idea was significant to biologists particularly with respect to the fossil record. Biologists such as George Buffon speculated 100 years before Darwin that species change over time. Contributors to Evolutionary Theory Others such as Carl Linnaeus and Erasmus Darwin (Charles Darwin’s grandfather) also supported the idea that species can change and even may have come from a common ancestry. Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed that the environment can enable species to adapt to changing conditions and become more complex. He proposed that organisms can acquire traits by interacting with the environment, establishing a need to change, and passing that change on to the next generation. Did you know? Lamarck proposed that organisms can change depending on the needs of the environment. For example if it was advantageous for a bird to have a longer beak to acquire food, then it would grow one. His theory was significant because it introduced the role of the environment in evolutionary change. Portfolio: Notes help prepare you for tests. Keep all of your notes in your portfolio. Be prepared to submit your portfolio notes and organizers to your teacher for assessment at various times during the course. Use your portfolio to make more detailed notes on Lyell, Buffon, Linnaeus, Erasmus Darwin, and Lamarck. Find out more on the history of evolution. Understanding Evolution History of Evolution A mathematician named Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) writing in his Essay on the Principal of Population, proposed that populations will grow at an unchecked rate unless limited by subsistence or the environment. Malthus said that human populations are limited by their struggle for existence. Alfred Wallace (1823-1913) read the work of Malthus and proposed the Theory of Natural Selection. This theory states that favourable traits that help organisms survive become more common in successive generations. Did you know? Both Alfred Wallace and Charles Darwin read the work of Thomas Malthus and came up with the Theory of Natural Selection independently. Next This is a disclaimer. External Resources will open in a new window. Not responsible for external content. Unless otherwise indicated, all images in this Activity are from the public domain or are © clipart.com or Microsoft clipart and are used with permission. Overview | Expectations | Content | Assignment SBI3U: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation Unit 3: Evolution Activity 1: Evolve or Die – Theory of Evolution Overview | Expectations | Content | Assignment Content Darwin’s Theory Darwin is known for his Theory of Evolution. Evolution is the study of how inherited traits of a population change over time. Darwin proposed that species change over time through a process called natural selection. Darwin’s theory of evolution is more complex than stated above and is explained in detail in his paper, “On The Origin of Species”. While on his voyage, Darwin observed that many species have similarities to other species. For example, the picture below shows four different species of finches, all slightly different, but with obvious similarities. From his many observations Darwin came up with several conclusions: organisms evolve over time; all organisms come from a common ancestry; change occurs gradually; species multiply and evolve into new species; surviving organisms have traits adaptive to their environment and pass those characteristics on to the next generation. Find out more on Darwin’s Theory Darwinism Evidence for Evolutionary Theory Analogous Structures: This diagram shows different structures of wings that may have evolved through separate pathways. They have a common function. Embryology: Homologous Structures: This diagram shows various organisms in their embryonic state. This implies that embryonic development may have come from common ancestry. This is a picture of the forearms of various organisms such as an orang-utan, rind, and tapir. They have similar skeletal structures thought to have evolved from a common ancestor. Find out more on Evidences: Fossil Record and Dating, Vestigial Structures, and Biochemistry Carbon Dating Fossil Record Vestigial Structures Portfolio: Notes help prepare you for tests. Keep all of your notes in your portfolio. Be prepared to submit your portfolio notes and organizers to your teacher for assessment at various times during the course. Use your portfolio to make more detailed notes on evidence for evolution: The Fossil Record, Carbon Dating, Vestigial Structures, and Biochemistry.