* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Document
Survey
Document related concepts
Unilineal evolution wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
On the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Hindu views on evolution wikipedia , lookup
Catholic Church and evolution wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Punctuated equilibrium wikipedia , lookup
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals wikipedia , lookup
Theistic evolution wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Answer questions 1-4 on your worksheet. 1. __________ was made up of all of the continents. 2. Because of ___________________, the continents spread apart. 3. Proof of the theory of plate tectonics includes _____________, _____________, and _____________. 4. ________________ is related to the theory of plate tectonics – it shows how rocks change because of the restless plates of the earth. Plate Tectonics Similar Rock Structures Puzzle-like Fit The Rock Cycle Fossils Pangaea Life on Earth and the shape of Earth's surface has changed over time. True False Life on Earth and the shape of Earth's surface has changed over time. Evidence Found in Rocks Fossil Evidence Ice Cores Law of Superposition Law of Superposition History of Climate Change Theory of Plate Tectonics Deformation Complete Worksheet Evolution – Change Over Time McDougal Science Textbooks Pages B17-B20 http://inayatscorner.wordpress.com/2011/03/09/usama-hasan-and-the-evolution-controversy/ Evolution Notes • Get out a sheet of paper and label it Evolution. • Please take notes as we work through the slides of the power point. http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2010/10/do-you-believe-in-evolution.html The processes responsible for changes we observe today are similar to the processes that have occurred throughout Earth's history. The plates moved to Earthquakes separate Pangaea and continue to move forming and Volcanoes reforming the Earth. The shape of the Earth’s surface has changed over time. Sediment Rocks keep moving through the rock cycle to form and break down and reform mountains, Deposition islands and other landforms. We also know that Life on Earth has changed over time. Living things change in response to changes in their environments. Evolution – Gradual change over time What is Evolution Video Early Ideas Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck *Early 1800s, Lamarck was was the first to Idea thatscientist individual propose acould model of howa organisms acquire evolves. newlife trait during its lifetime and then pass that trait on to its offspring. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution Lamarck was unable to provide any evidence to support his theory. 50 Years Later… Charles Darwin Darwin’s Voyage – 5 years traveling on a ship along the coast of South America Darwin studied rock formations , collected fossils, and compared new animals with ones from his own country Charles Darwin Galapagos Islands Chain ofsaw volcanic Darwin that islands the plantsoff and South American animals not only werecoast different from those on 18 Islands make the mainland, up the butGalapagos some Islands differed from island to island. Tortoises on Galapagos Islands Tortoises with long necks lived in dry areas with cacti. Tortoises on Galapagos Islands Darwin considered whether the length of their necks made it possible to live in different environments. Tortoises with short necks lived damp areas with abundant plant life close to the ground. Finches on Galapagos Islands Different beak sizes and shapes provided a variety of uses. Darwin believed that the birds might have evolved differently because they were on different islands. Yellow Book: Unit B page 20 Artificial selection For Example: Dogs Based ontopersonal experience with Darwin tried explain how the species were so diverse. Darwin he could Bybreeding, selecting dogs that knew have certain traitsproduce and allowing them to mate it would result with over the desired new varieties of an animal time. traits. By 1844, he hypothesis from breeding Repeating thisdeveloped process fora generations would create a pigeons new breed. Darwin noticed that this was similar to what happens in nature Natural Selection What is Natural Selection Video • Members of a species that are best suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species. • 4 methods of Natural Selection. Overproduction When a plant or an animal reproduces, it usually makes more offspring than can possibly survive. For Example: * Female salmon lay several thousand fertile eggs, but not all of them will hatch. * Only a few hundred that do hatch will survive disease and avoid predators. * Several dozen survivors will live to adulthood. Variation Differences among individuals result from differences in the genetic material. Salmon Example: Patterns on scales or Different size fins Variations are passed on from one generation to the next. Mutation: Change in genetic material which causes a new variation. Sometimes a mutation makes and individual better able to survive. Adaptation Any inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its particular environment. Example: Slight change in the shape of a tail fin may increase a fish’s chance of survival by helping it swim faster and avoid predators Selection Darwin’s idea was that those individuals that are best suited to survive will survive and reproduce. Over time those individuals best suited to survive will increase in numbers. How Can Natural Selection Be Modeled? Interactive Lab Speciation Evolution of new species from an existing species. May occur when the environment changes dramatically or gradually. Speciation Video Evidence of Speciation Lake Tanganyika in Africa 150 species of fish called cichlids. Example: Isolation Separation of populations by geographical or other barriers and Oceans or mountain ranges can separate populations prevents reproduction. Contributes process of speciation. However, species to canthe also be isolated if they feed on different things or reproduce at different times of the year.