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Answer questions 1-4 on your worksheet.
1. __________ was made up of all of the continents.
2. Because of ___________________, the continents
spread apart.
3. Proof of the theory of plate tectonics includes
_____________, _____________, and
_____________.
4. ________________ is related to the theory of
plate tectonics – it shows how rocks change
because of the restless plates of the earth.
Plate Tectonics
Similar Rock Structures
Puzzle-like Fit
The Rock Cycle
Fossils
Pangaea
Life on Earth and the shape of Earth's
surface has changed over time.
True
False
Life on Earth and the shape of Earth's
surface has changed over time.
Evidence
Found in Rocks
Fossil Evidence
Ice Cores
Law of Superposition
Law of Superposition
History of Climate
Change
Theory of Plate
Tectonics
Deformation
Complete Worksheet
Evolution – Change Over Time
McDougal Science Textbooks
Pages B17-B20
http://inayatscorner.wordpress.com/2011/03/09/usama-hasan-and-the-evolution-controversy/
Evolution Notes
• Get out a sheet of paper and label it Evolution.
• Please take notes as we work through the slides of
the power point.
http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2010/10/do-you-believe-in-evolution.html
The processes responsible for
changes we observe today are
similar to the processes that have
occurred throughout Earth's
history.
The plates moved to
Earthquakes
separate Pangaea and
continue to move forming
and
Volcanoes
reforming the Earth.
The shape of the Earth’s surface
has changed over time.
Sediment
Rocks keep moving through the
rock cycle to form and break
down and reform
mountains,
Deposition
islands and other landforms.
We also know that
Life on Earth has
changed over time.
Living things
change in
response to
changes in their
environments.
Evolution – Gradual change over time
What is Evolution Video
Early Ideas
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
*Early 1800s, Lamarck
was was
the first
to
Idea
thatscientist
individual
propose acould
model
of howa
organisms
acquire
evolves.
newlife
trait
during its
lifetime and then pass
that trait on to its
offspring.
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Lamarck was unable to
provide any evidence to
support his theory.
50 Years Later…
Charles Darwin
Darwin’s Voyage – 5 years
traveling on a ship along
the coast of South America
Darwin studied rock
formations , collected
fossils, and compared new
animals with ones from his
own country
Charles Darwin
Galapagos Islands
Chain
ofsaw
volcanic
Darwin
that
islands
the
plantsoff
and
South American
animals
not only
werecoast
different
from those on
18
Islands
make
the
mainland,
up the
butGalapagos
some
Islands
differed
from
island to island.
Tortoises on Galapagos Islands
Tortoises with long
necks lived in dry areas
with cacti.
Tortoises on Galapagos Islands
Darwin considered
whether the length of
their necks made it
possible to live in different
environments.
Tortoises with short
necks lived damp areas
with abundant plant
life close to the
ground.
Finches on Galapagos Islands
Different beak sizes and
shapes provided a
variety of uses.
Darwin believed that
the birds might have
evolved differently
because they were on
different islands.
Yellow Book:
Unit B page 20
Artificial selection
For Example: Dogs
Based
ontopersonal
experience
with
Darwin
tried
explain how
the species
were so
diverse.
Darwin
he could
Bybreeding,
selecting dogs
that knew
have
certain
traitsproduce
and allowing
them
to mate
it would
result
with over
the desired
new
varieties
of an
animal
time. traits.
By 1844, he
hypothesis from
breeding
Repeating
thisdeveloped
process fora generations
would
create a
pigeons
new
breed.
Darwin noticed
that this was
similar to what
happens in
nature
Natural Selection
What is Natural Selection Video
• Members of a species that are best suited to
their environment survive and reproduce at a
higher rate than other members of the
species.
• 4 methods of Natural Selection.
Overproduction
When a plant or an animal reproduces, it usually makes
more offspring than can possibly survive.
For Example:
* Female salmon lay several
thousand fertile eggs, but not
all of them will hatch.
* Only a few hundred that do
hatch will survive disease and
avoid predators.
* Several dozen survivors will
live to adulthood.
Variation
Differences among individuals result from
differences in the genetic material.
Salmon Example: Patterns on scales or Different size fins
Variations are passed on from
one generation to the next.
Mutation: Change in genetic
material which causes a new
variation.
Sometimes a mutation makes and
individual better able to survive.
Adaptation
Any inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in
its particular environment.
Example:
Slight change in the shape of a tail fin may increase a fish’s chance
of survival by helping it swim faster and avoid predators
Selection
Darwin’s idea was
that those
individuals that
are best suited to
survive will
survive and
reproduce. Over
time those
individuals best
suited to survive
will increase in
numbers.
How Can Natural Selection Be Modeled?
Interactive Lab
Speciation
Evolution of new species from an
existing species.
May occur when the environment
changes dramatically or gradually.
Speciation Video
Evidence of Speciation
Lake Tanganyika in Africa
150 species of fish called cichlids.
Example:
Isolation
Separation of populations by
geographical
or
other
barriers
and
Oceans or mountain ranges can separate
populations prevents reproduction.
Contributes
process
of speciation.
However,
species to
canthe
also
be isolated
if they feed
on different things or reproduce at different times
of the year.