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Transcript
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Interest Grabber Section 9-1 • Feel the Burn • Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose, a six-carbon sugar. 1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? 2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? 3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer. Sunlight powers life • Autotrophs – Photosynthesis – Producers • Heterotrophs – Consumers • Cellular respiration- converts energy into cell fuel (ATP Why do living things need food? • provides living things • source of energy with the chemical building blocks they need to grow and reproduce. • Source of raw materials for making new molecules What do cells do with food? • Cells gradually release energy from glucose and other food compounds in the form of ATP. ATP • Most of the energy from cell respiration is converted into ATP • ATP is a substance that powers most cell activities. • Energy in phosphate bonds Cellular Respiration • Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose to make ATP at each stage Formula • 3 Steps – Glycolysis – Kreb’s cycle – Electron Transport Chain Cellular Respiration 3 stages: 1. Glycolysis –the breaking of glucose into pyruvate 2. Kreb’s Cycle–pathway which converts pyruvate 3. Electron Transport Chain- coverts NADH into ATP The 3 steps of cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb’s cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain • Each stage captures some of the chemical energy available in food molecules and uses it to produce ATP. Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Fermentation (without oxygen) Electron transport Alcohol or lactic acid Glycolysis • Occurs in cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen • Net gain of ATP = 2 • Molecule of glucose is broken in half to two pyruvate molecules (then goes into mitochondria) Cellular Respiration End of Glycolysis • 90% of the energy of glucose still has not been used • The energy is stored in the electrons of pyruvic acid Cellular Respiration Stage Two(Aerobic): Production of ATP •Krebs Cycle •reactions that produce energy-storing molecules (NADH and ATP) •Pyruvate citric acid •In mitochondria • Carbon dioxide given off Section 9-2 Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion Mitochondria • The matrix where 3carbon pieces that came from carbohydrates are broken down to (CO2 and water) • The cristae is where ATP is made Stage 3- ETC- Electron transport chain • Hot potato-electrons • Uses high energy electron to convert NADH in to ATP • Oxygen gets the “hot potato” to make water Section 9-2 Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion mbrane ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production Fermentation (anaerobic) • When oxygen is not • Two types present, gylcolysis – Alcoholic fermentation follows this pathway – Lactic Acid Fermentation (anaerobic) Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeasts and other microorganisms • Causes bread to rise • Formula Lactic Acid Fermentation • Pyruvic acid can turn to lactic acid so gylcolysis can continue • Produced in muscles during exercise when oxygen is used up • Muscles continue to make ATP Alcohol Fermentation • Unicellular organisms also go through this process • Used in the productions of foods and beveragescheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, alcoholic beverages Summary Molecule Role in respiration C6 H12O6 Broken down in glycolysis = 2 ATP made, pyruvate O2 H2O CO2 Accepts H+ in ETC, aids in making ATP * Aerobic respiration only Made in ETC, waste product Made in Krebs cycle, waste product Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Review