Download Almada - NACLIM

Multifunctional adaptation:
Solutions for addressing the urban
heat island effect
Sara Dionísio, Catarina Freitas, Nuno Lopes, Patrícia Silva
Studies and Environmental Management Division
Department for Environment, Climate, Energy and Mobility
City Council of Almada, Portugal
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Topics…
... Starting point
... Assessing Urban Heat Island Effect within Local
Strategy Climate Change (NACLIM project )
... Solutions for addressing the Urban Heat Island
Effect
… Final notes
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Planning a city mobility LED
Almada , Portugal
Topics of the workshop …
… what is sustainable mobility or LE mobility
Lisbon
... a glimpse of Almada, Portugal
Almada
… mobility patterns and impacts
Almada
… local strategy for sustainable mobility
Lisbon Metropolitan Area
Area 70 km2
~ 174.000
Workshop:
Towards inhabitants
Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Natural Areas and Biodiversity
Mediterranean climate with atlantic influence
White sandy beachfront, fisherie community
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Proximity to Lisbon:
 High urban pressure
 High demand for the ocean beach front
 Main South access to Lisbon and North LMA
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Demographic Distribution, 2001 and 2025
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Starting point …
+ Annual mean temperature ~ 17 ºC
+ Precipitation of approximately 90 days/ year
+ Insolation approximately 2.900 – 3.000 hours / year
+ Mediterranean climate with Atlantic influence
+ Waterfront of ~ 35 km
+ Rich Mediterranean ecosystems
+ Long term vision on sustainability from our political leadership
+ Informed community
+ Land use plans under development
+ Popular summertime destination (~ 8 000 000 visitors/year)
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Starting point …
- Coastal and riverfront areas vulnerable to sea level rise, with
high tourist value
- Abusive occupation > high value natural areas are at risk
- Highly occupied territory
- Urban sprawl resulted in Green and Blue infrastructure
bottlenecks, lack of connections (urban-rural-natural nexus)
- Watercourses and streams partially artificialized
- Ageing society
- Intensive use of private car in daily commuting
- Energy consumption in buildings and transports
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Almada’s vulnerability to
Natural Hazards
 Mass Wasting (rock falls, rock topple, landslides)
 Sea Level Rise (coastal erosion)
 Storm Surges/overwash
Mass Wasting
 Droughts
 Flooding
 Salinization of Coastal Aquifers
 Forest Fires
 Biodiversity loss
 Heat waves
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Coast Erosion
Almada’s Methodology
 Integrate the Local Strategy for Climate Change in
Local Policies and Processes
Local Development
Strategy
Local Agenda 21
ELAC
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Almada’s Strategy for Climate Change (ELAC)
ELAC: 2 dimensions
 Mitigation Agenda
 energy consumption and GHGs emissions
Energy efficiency, renewables, smart mobility... low carbon city
+
even if today we make significant reductions , past
and current emissions of greenhouse gases will still
change the climate until 2040 ( inertia of the climate
system
 Adaptation Agenda
Building the resilience of our natural, social and
economic systems, providing our communities an healthy
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
and safe environment to live and work.
Brussels, 21 to 22 June 2016
st
nd
Adaptation in Almada
 Downscale Climate Evolution Scenarios
 Monitor climate change impacts (ex: floods,
landslides, heat waves, oceanic overwashes)
 Assess Vulnerability (coast, riverfront,
ecosystems, urban water cycle, urban services),
Adaptation
in Almada’s Strategy
for Climate Change
current and future…
 Model Urban Heat Island Effect
 Design Risk Maps
 Define adaptation goals and measures
 Integrate adaptation goals and measures in
Municipal plans and strategies: Urban Plans;
Emergency Plan; Rainwater Drainage Plan;
Green Infrastructure Plan; Urban Agricultural
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate ServicesNetwork...
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2011
2010
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Heatwaves
2012
2014
+
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
+
Climate
Change
?
Topics…
... Starting point
... Assessing Urban Heat Island Effect within
Local Strategy Climate Change (NACLIM
project )
... Solutions for addressing the Urban Heat Island
Effect
… Final remarks
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Urban Heat Island Efect
Urban Heat Island Effect in Almada
(~  4ºC)
Residential
Medium
Density
City
Center
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Residential Green
High
Park
Density
Residential
Low
Density
Urban Heat Island Efect
Urban Heat Island Effect in Almada
(~  4ºC)
Residential
Medium
Density
City
Center
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Residential Green
High
Park
Density
Residential
Low
Density
Urban Heat Island Effect
 Heat Stress (current
situation)

Temperature diference
between developed
áreas and rural
surroundings at 11 pm
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
Urban Heat Island Effect
Rising temperature in artificial areas
Heat waves in Almada ( nº of days per year)
1986-2005
2026-2045
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
2081-2100
Urban Heat Island Effect
Rising temperature in artificial areas
Heat waves in Almada ( nº of days per year)
1986-2005
2026-2045
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
2081-2100
Urban Heat Island Effect
 Urban Heat Island Effect is a problem
that needs a multi-dimension,
integrated and multi-level response
 Land Use Planning can be a strategic
tool to develop at a local level, specific
adaptive solutions at different scales

Master Plan + Urban Plans + Local Plans
(1:1.000)
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
Urban Heat Island Effect
 Evaluating the effect of urban planning projects: Heatwaves
Days in Almada with Almada’s Urban Planning Scenario
2026-2045
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
2026-2045
Urban Heat Island Effect
 Evaluating the effect of urban planning projects: Heatwaves
Days in Almada with Almada’s Urban Planning Scenario
2026-2045
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
Urban Heat
Island Effect
Rising temperature in
artificial areas
Heat waves in Almada
( nº of days per year)
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
2080- 2100
Urban Heat Island Effect

Average number of Heat waves in Almada per year - N.º of inhabitants 2011
1986-2005
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016
2026-2045
Topics…
... Starting point
... Assessing Urban Heat Island Effect within
Local Strategy Climate Change (NACLIM
project )
... Solutions for addressing the Urban Heat
Island Effect
… Final notes
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
 Evaluate heat stress of people (daytime) in public space
 Combination of model results and radiation calculations
based on 3D building data and vegetation maps => 1m
resolution Mean Radiant Temperature map
• MRT<40°C: no heat stress;
• MRT 40-60°C: heat stress;
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
• MRT>60°C: high heat stress
Green roofs
 Scenario: All roofs in Almada are
converted to green roofs
 Calculate % of area occupied by
buildings
 Change vegetation cover and soil
sealing of this area
 No effect on radiation at ground
level
 Conclusion: Green roofs have a small cooling effect on
nighttime temperatures.The area with high heat stress is reduced
by more
than
Workshop:
Towards
Urban50%
ClimateAlso
Servicespositive effects on indoor temperatures
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Planting Trees
 Scenario: Plant trees in 10/25/50%
of available public space
 Randomly convert pixels to
vegetation
 Change vegetation cover and soil
sealing of this area
 Include effects on radiation at
ground level
 Conclusion: Trees are most effective in cooling public space. They
need water and rooting depth, not always easy. No effect on indoor
temperatures
Workshop:
Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Boosting Green and Blue Infrastructure
 Mixing green roofs and planting trees are an
efficient approach to cooling artificial areas,
especially in the city center, where the UHI
impacts are more severe
 Green roofs and planting trees are flexible
solutions, and have combined co-benefits,
specially if mixed with Blue Infrastruture
 Green roofs and planting trees are included in the
Green Infrastructure (GI) of Almada
 Mixing GI + BI environmental services to respond to future
vulnerabilities is the basis of the Nature Based Adaptation
Workshop:
Towards Urban
Climate
Services
Approach
that
are
developing
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Integration of adaptation measures in
projects, ongoing or planned
A multi-functional and integrated approach, to adapt to
climate multi-risks, using flexible and low cost natured
based solutions (blue and green infrastructure)

1 single project addresses multi-climate hazards
and vulnerabilities
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Integration of adaptation measures
in projects, ongoing or planned
a multi-functional and integrated approach, to adapt to
climate multi-risks, using flexible and low cost natured
based solutions (blue and green infrastructure)

1 single project addresses multi-climate hazards
and vulnerabilities
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
MultiAdaPT
Multi-AdaPT: HOW?
Look at GI + BI and how their ecosystem services respond to
current and future multi-hazards/vulnerabilities
Multi
Hazards
Vulnerabilties
GI + BI
GI + BI
Multi-benefits
Water course and its margins
Erosion control
High permeability areas
Flooding
Flood mitigation
Soils of high ecological value
Erosion
Rainwater infiltration
Vegetation with conservative
Soil loss
Food production
value
Biodiversity loss
Enhance biodiversity
Vegetable gardens
Heat Island
Microclimatic regulation
Wooded
areas
Effect
and reduction of heat
Europe
TAP Time
island effect
Gardens
and parks
Food supply
Nature based adaptation and regional climate strategy
…
chain
ICLEI…
Metropolitan Solutions 2016
4 low budget interventions ► 4 different sites
Europe TAP Time
Nature based adaptation and regional climate strategy
ICLEI Metropolitan Solutions 2016
Multi-AdaPT = Multi-benefits
Erosion control
Rainwater infiltration, flood mitigation
Enhance biodiversity
Local food production
Microclimatic regulation
Reduction food chain supply
Closing Water-Energy-Food nexus
TAP Time
SocialEurope
cohesion
Nature based adaptation and regional climate strategy
ICLEI Metropolitan Solutions 2016
Site 1
Fruit orchard
Meadow
Riparian vegetation
Vegetable allotments
Fruit orchard
Europe TAP Time
Nature based adaptation and
regional
Hydraulic surface
Picnic
Park -climate
Leisurestrategy
area
Solutions 2016
discharger ICLEI Metropolitan
Stream
Stream
Site 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
75,00 m3
1.152,55 m3
3.460,55 m3
Water Retention
Flooding area
Volume Water
capacity
Nível 1
Bacia de retenção
Bacia de retenção
Área inundável
Nível 2
Nível 3
Nível 4
Europe TAP Time
Nature based adaptation and regional climate strategy
ICLEI Metropolitan Solutions 2016
Retention basin
Retention basin
Topics…
... Starting point
... Assessing Urban Heat Island Effect within
Local Strategy Climate Change (NACLIM
project )
... Solutions for addressing the Urban Heat
Island Effect
… Final notes
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Final notes
 Being a Mediterranean city, with projections of a ten-fold
increase in the number of heat wave days by the end of
the century >> Almada will struggle with Heat Stress
Exposure
 Climate Services can be an significant contribution to our
Climate Change integrated approach: Heat stress scenarios
are important information to respond to climate challenges
 Green Infrastructure (GI) as a planning tool is an effective
way to build natural and urban resilience and climate
mitigation, with relevant co-benefits
 Mixing flexible solutions in Urban GI (green roofs and
planting trees) with Blue Infrastruture, is a win-win
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
approach to boost resilience.
Brussels, 21 to 22 June 2016
st
nd
Final notes
 Nature based adaptation is a key opportunity to develop
projects that are able to tackle current and future multichallenges that cities have to face;
 However, Nature based solutions implies a deep
transformation in urban planning practices;
 MultiAdaPT projects are an exemple of this approach, they
combine the multifunctionality of ecosystems services to
build natural resilience, in shot and long term;
 Multi-partnerships between cities, science and
stakeholders improve adaptation planning and create
synergies to implement a effective Local
Adaptation/Resilience Strategy to Climate Change;
Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services
Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016
Thank you for your attention!
[email protected]
EU
Policy Exchange
Saanich
| Almada
Workshop:
TowardsSchedule:
Urban Climate
Services
st to 23rd October 2015
Almada,
Portugal
21nd
Brussels,
21st to| 22
June 2016