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The Italian Renaissance Chapter 5 section 1 Or Wake up People Its time for chunky culture! Renaissance Intro Activity: Renaissance means “Rebirth” “Imagine our world suddenly lost the ability to create electricity: What would be 3 to 5 MOST important skills or types of knowledge to know or re-learn in order for humans to survive or even have fun in the post Apocalypse world? Why pick the 3 to 5 you did?” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mgSPiAi BjU Photo Analysis: Find clever details! Photo Analysis 2: Photo Analysis # 3 Italian City States • Renaissance: A rebirth or revival. * The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that started in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe. * from about 1350 until 1600. * Europeans began to rediscover ancient Greek and Roman texts, philosophy and knowledge • Background: During the Ren. Italy was not unified, it was made up of independent “city states” which included: Milan, Venice, Rome, Florence, Pisa, Genoa and Mantua and the Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies. • Three leading city states were Florence, Rome and Venice. • New social order sprang up, wealth and ability determined social class more than noble titles and land ownership. Wealthy merchants and bankers replaced the landed nobility in the upper class. Italian City States Humanism • Started in the city states of Italy, which had remained important trading centers the late Middle Ages, • Through merchants and trade Italian scholars reacquired ancient “lost” wisdom, learning and philosophical ideas. • The “lost” info came primarily from the Byzantine Empire which had kept the Ancient Greek writings and knowledge intact • Humanism: new intellectual movement that focused on secular (worldly) themes (improving humans way of life) rather than just on religious ideas that had been popular during the Middle Ages Renaissance Man • Humanists: Scholars who promoted humanism and accepted classical beliefs and wanted to use them to improve own society. • Stressed individualism, promoted individual self worth and learning. People should develop their own talents through many activities and education. • Men learned Latin, Greek, studied fencing, politics dance, philosophy and Greek classics. • Women studied music, dance, courtly behavior and how to run a household. • Clergy are replaced by humanists as teachers • Summarize last slide with a clever sentence or headline Next to that slide. • Capture the main ideas. Italian Renaissance Writers • 1300s: Francesco Petracha (commonly called Petarch) wrote sonnets (short poems) • focused on love and personal feelings. (about a girl named Laura who died during the Black Plague) • 1528 Benvenuto Cellini published a manual called: “The Book of the Courtier”, this gave advice to men and women on Ren. Ideal of good behavior. Men to be skilled in many activities, women to be graceful, attractive and courteous. • 1513: Niccolo Machiavelli: Wrote “The Prince” a how to guide on Italian politics (use deceit and force as needed to hold on to power!) “IT IS BETTER TO BE FEARED THAN LOVED” Italian Ren. Artists • Michelangelo, based in Florence: Created sculpture of David between 1501 and 1504, also painted the Sistine Chapel (fin. In 1512), greatest wall painting in Italy (10,000 sq. ft.), designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica to end his career. • Leonardo da Vinci: Citizen of Florence, worked also in Milan and Rome. painted Mona Lisa in Florence in 1503; painted Last Supper and also had talent in engineering, architecture and sculpture. • Raphael Santi: famous painter, noted for his paintings of Mary, painted for the Vatican. Sistine Chapel!! Even painted Biblical scenes on the ceiling… The Mona Lisa painted by Leonardo DaVinci Real Mona Lisa: Lisa Gheradini Giocondo was about 25 when she posed for Leo's painting. She was the daughter and wife of wealthy men and it is believed her husband paid Leo for her to be painted. The "Mona Lisa" is valued as a priceless item and is not insured. Leonardo da Vinci painted the "Mona Lisa" from 1503 to 1506 in Italy The painting has an imperfection. In 1956, a man named Ugo Ungaza threw a stone at the painting. This resulted in a small patch of damaged paint next to her left elbow da Vinci used oil paints on a poplar wood panel. The panel is 30 inches tall and about 20 inches wide. Other Chunky Italian Ren. Contributions • Warfare: Mercenaries (Condottieri) hired to fight for city states, first large scale use of devoted professional armies…(citizen soldiers replaced because using them in armies hurt a city state’s business and profits!) • Increased gunpowder use promotes decline in armor and results in development of long thin “fashionable” gentleman swords called rapiers • Italian fencing masters train gentlemen in Italian version of sword play across Europe. Fencing! A wealthy man’s self-defense. Why could the only the middle class and upper class afford to do this? Time out for Fencing Club Hand warmup!!! Italian Ren. Contributions Continued • Architecture: changed from soaring, spikey GOTHIC cathedrals and spires back to classical columns, arches and domes (ie: St Peter’s Basilica)(called Renaissance Architecture) Cathedrals Reims Built between Cathedral 1211 and 1516 Similarities and Differences? Notre-Dame Gothic architecture Florence cathedral, 1419 Renaissance architecture New Social Class/Ideas shared • Rise of a wealthy, educated and expanding MIDDLE Class consisting of merchants, bankers, lawyers • Rise in exchange of ideas across Europe. City States began sending out ambassadors and created agreements, copied across N. Europe In review /Summarization: • The Italian Renaissance included 2 important elements: Humanism and Renaissance Art. • 1. Humanism: is…. • 2. Name some famous Ren. Artists Or works: Boticelli’s “The Birth of Venus” 1485-86. Review page 2: The Renaissance began in the city-states of Italy. The reasons why were: 1. Italy was in the best geographic location for trade routes between the Spices of the East and the kingdoms of Western Europe. • Italy had avoided an economic crisis of the late Middle Ages also avoided major outbreaks of the Plague. • Italian towns were important centers of Mediterranean trade got very rich with their production of textiles (cloth) and trade in luxury goods (such as spices/dyes and silks). Final Cut: Leonardo’s Last Supper 1495-1498 • • • • VlA Review: Italian Renaissance Intro vla: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mgSPiAiBjU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bP0WWUyUCAQ Da Vinci: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQaN04s0VI4 • Each student writes down 1-6 die roll details • Rapier Fencing clip: Question: would you ever try this? EC: What makes a rapier different from other (earlier) swords? • Princess Bride: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7zvffHu_wo Group Collaboration: • In your groups of 3 or less(or solo for a hw review)…appoint a leader, a writer and researcher and • …..PREDICT And create what the group feels are the top 5 facts to KNOW from this section for a quiz or a test. Be ready to present your top 5 lists….