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UNIT ONE: THE RENASSIANCE DEFINITIONS Directions: Using the glossary in the back of your book define the following terms in one sentence or less. Word Renaissance urban society secular mercenaries dowry humanism vernacular Definition LOOKING BACK Middle Ages- A period of time from 300-1500 • • • • Ruled by Kings, Lords, and the Church Very few were educated Disease (Black Death) killed 1/3 of Europe The poor (peasants and serfs) could not improve their life in any way! But then….. Renaissance- Rebirth or looking back to Roman and Greek ideas and ways of life. • It started in Italy • An emphasis on learning and education! WHY DID IT START IN ITALY? • No single ruler or king. The cities governed themselves and used mercenaries for defense! 1. Milan 2. Venice 3. Florence • Urban Society • Secular • Trade flourished in the cities. INFLUENCIAL PEOPLE AND ITALIAN WARS • Lorenzo de’ Medici- Helped Florence become a cultural center. • Francesco Sforza- Created a strong government in Milan. Lorenzo de’ Medici was very influential in supporting the arts and education during the Renaissance. • Italian Wars: 1. 1527 2. France invades Italy with 30,000 soldiers 3. The Italian cities ask Spain to help them 4. The Italian cities never pay the Spanish soldiers!!!!! RESULT: Spanish soldiers invade the cities and Spain has a heavy influence in Italy. RENAISSANCE SOCIETY • Social Classes 1. Nobility - Wealthy - Govern 2. Clergy 3. Peasants and Townspeople - 85-90% of the population - Working Class - Lived a difficult life What did the Book of Courtier say about nobles? Compare it to the nobility of the Middle Ages. Was it the same of different? Explain your answer • Family and Marriage 1. Family - Father Head of the house hold Managed Finances Told children when they were adults - Mother Supervise and take care of the home 2. Marriage - Often arranged!!!!! - Dowry Why do you think marriages were arranged? • Fresco- A painting done on wet plaster with water based paints RENAISSANCE ART Focused upon: • • • • • Three- dimensional style Perspective Light Movement Human Anatomy (nudes) An example of a fresco is the Sistine Chapel Donatello’s David, is an example of the style Renaissance sculptors sought to create. Artist Work Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa Donatello David in Florence Brunelleschi Cupola of the Florence Cathedral Raphael The School of Athens Michelangelo David Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Madonna Van Eyck Giavanni Arnolfini & His Bride Style RENAISSANCE EDUCATION Humanism- Study of the classics The term classics refers to which two civilizations? • • Petrarch- He was the leader of Humanism during the Renaissance Liberal Studies- Studying a variety subjects What subjects were studied? History Moral Philosophy Rhetoric Letters Poetry Mathematics Astronomy Music Physical Education Petrarch • • Few women were formally educated Christine de Pizan- Women should be and have the ability to learn. RENAISSANCE LITERATURE Works were written in the vernacular. Authors and works • • • • • The Prince, written by Machiavelli, stated that evil acts were necessary to do govern. Machiavelli- The Prince A book on how rulers should rule. Cicero Virgil- The Aneid Dante- The Devine Comedy Chaucer- The Canterbury Tales