Download Unit 5 - Psychological Disorders

Unit 1 - History
TARGET 1: How did various people contribute to the field of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
Introspection
G. Stanley Hall
Edward Titchener
Structuralism
William James
Functionalism
Sir Francis Galton
Rene Descartes
John Locke
Mary Whiton Calkins
Margaret Floy Washburn
Charles Darwin
TARGET 2: How do each of the modern psychological perspectives help explain human
behavior?
Psychoanalytic
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Psychosexual Stages
Oral, Anal, Phallic Latency and Genital
ID, Ego, Superego
Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious
Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B. F. Skinner
Cognitive
Evolutionary
Charles Darwin
Socio-cultural
Neurobiological
Humanism
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
TARGET 3: How do various areas of psychology specialize in studying behavior?
Basic vs. Applied Psychology
Clinical Psychology vs. Psychiatry
Psychology
Positive Psychology
Psychology
Social Psychology
Psychology
School Psychology
Psychology
Forensic Psychology
Biological
Developmental
Experimental
Cognitive
Educational Psychology
Psychology
Human Factors Psychology
Psychology
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Counseling Psychology
Psychology
Personality
Psychometric
Sport Psychology
Community
Unit 2 - Social Psychology
TARGET 1: How do key components of attraction influence relationships?
Proximity
Similarity
Reciprocity
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory
Evolutionary Perspective
Physical Attractiveness
Matching Hypothesis
TARGET 2: How do people use various attributions to describe others behavior and their
own?
Internal Attribution
Just-World Phenomenon
Fundamental Attribution Error
Actor-Observer Bias
Weiner’s Model
External Attribution
Defensive Attribution (Blaming the Victim)
Self-Serving Bias
Self-handicapping
Kelly’s Model
TARGET 3: How does the presence of others shape individuals behavior?
Group Polarization
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Social Facilitation
Bystander effect
Groupthink
Deindividuation
Commoner’s Dilemma
Social Inhibition (Social Interference)
Diffusion of Responsibility
Kitty Genovese
TARGET 4: How did major research studies contribute to our understanding of behavior in
social
situations?
Milgram
Obedience
Dissonance
Shock Study
Study
Zimbardo
Role Playing
Asch
Conformity
Festinger
Cognitive
Prison Study
Line Study
Knob Turning
Norms
TARGET 5: How are attitudes formed and how do they change over time?
Prejudice (Affect)
Discrimination (Behavior)
(Cognition)
Ingroups/Outgroups
Scapegoating
La-Pierre Study
Jane Elliott Study
Sheriff Study (Superordinate Goals, Contact Theory)
Stereotype Threat
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Dissonance
Hindsight Bias
Confirmation Bias
Effect
Stereotype
Schema
Kenneth Clark Study
Cognitive
False Consensus
TARGET 6: How do various factors of persuasion and compliance influence behavior?
Elaboration Likelihood Model: Central/Peripheral Routes
Foot-in-the-Door
Door-in-the-Face
Norms of Reciprocity
Sleeper Effect
Mere Exposure Effect
Lowball Technique
Minority Influence
TARGET 7: Why do some individuals act aggressively and some altruistically?
Instrumental Aggression
Hostile Aggression
Model
Frustration-Aggression
Negative-State Relief Model
Cost-Reward Model
Empathy-Altruism
Unit 3 - Human Development
TARGET 1: How do the various biological components shape development?
Zygote
Prenatal Period
Germinal Stage
Embryonic Stage
Fetal Stage
Teratogens
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Motor Development
Plasticity
Temperament (Easy, Difficult, Slow to Warm Up)
Habituation
Puberty: Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics
Maturation
TARGET 2: How do the various newborn reflexes help the neonate to survive immediately
outside of the womb?
Rooting
Grasping
Sucking
Babinski
Swallowing
Moro
Blinking
TARGET 3: How do attachments in relationships impact development?
Harry Harlow - Contact Comfort
Konrad Lorenz -Critical Period
Mary Ainsworth - Strange Situation and Attachment Styles
Secure
Anxious-Ambivalent
Avoidant
Separation Anxiety
John Bowlby
TARGET 4: How do parenting styles influence child development?
Diana Baumrind
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive-Indulgent
Permissive-Uninvolved
TARGET 5: How do the stages of psychosocial development influence behavior?
Erik Erikson
Trust/Mistrust,
Generativity/Stagnation
Autonomy/Shame and Doubt
Initiative/Guilt
Industry/Inferiority
Identity/Role Confusion
Intimacy/Isolation
Integrity/Despair
TARGET 6: How do the theories of cognitive development proposed by Jean Piaget and Lev
Vygotsky influence behavior?
Jean Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development
Schema – Assimilation and Accommodation
Sensorimotor Stage (Object Permanence)
Preoperational Stage (Animism, Egocentrism, Artificialism, Language, Pretend Play.
Irreversibility)
Concrete Operational Stage (Conservation, Serial Ordering, 2-Dimensional Thinking.
Reversibility)
Formal Operational Stage (3-Dimensional Thinking, Abstract Reasoning)
Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
Zone of Proximal Development
Scaffolding
TARGET 7: How do the levels of moral development influence behavior according to
Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory?
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Preconventional Level (Punishment and Reward Stages)
Conventional Level (Social Approval and Law and Order Stages)
Postconventional Level (Social Contract and Universal Ethics Stages)
Carol Gilligan’s critique of Kohlberg’s theory
Highest Level for Women– Compassion and Care v. Individual Rights and Justice
TARGET 8: How do Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages of development influence
behavior?
Psychosexual Stages:
Oral
Anal
Fixation
Phallic
Latency
Genital
Libido
TARGET 9: How do the stages of death and grief influence behavior?
Elizabeth Kübler Ross – Gerontology
Stages of Dying: Denial
Anger
Bargaining Depression
Acceptance
Unit 4 - Personality Theory
TARGET 1: How are various tests used to reveal information about one’s personality?
Objective Tests
NEO-PI-R
MMPI
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Kiersey Inventory
Projective Tests
Thematic Apperception Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
TARGET 2: How does trait theory explain the components of one’s personality?
Gordon Allport (Cardinal, Central, Secondary
Factor Analysis
Costa & McCrae’s Big Five (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness,
Neuroticism)
Raymond Cattell
16 Personality Factors
TARGET 3: How does psychoanalytic theory explain the components of one’s personality?
Freud’s Theory of Consciousness
Unconscious
Preconscious
Freud’s Personality Structure
Id
Ego
Defense Mechanisms
Rationalization
Projection
Regression
Sublimation
Conscious
Superego
Displacement
Identification
Repression
Denial
Reaction Formation
TARGET 4: How do Neo-Freudians explain personality differently from psychoanalytic
theory?
Carl Jung
Personal Unconscious
Collective Unconscious
Others
Archetypes
Alfred Adler
Striving for Superiority
Compensation
Karen Horney
Womb Envy
Relationships with
Inferiority Complex
Moving Away
Moving Towards
Moving Against
Erik Erikson
8 Psychosocial Stages
Personality Development Across the Lifespan
TARGET 5: How does the social-cognitive theory explain the progress of one’s personality?
Albert Bandura:
Learning
Julian Rotter:
Martin Seligman:
Walter Mischel:
Reciprocal Determinism
Self-Efficacy
Locus of Control
Learned Helplessness
Person-Situation Controversy
Specific Situations
Observational
TARGET 6: How does the humanistic theory explain the components of one’s personality?
Carl Rogers
Incongruence/ Congruence
Real Self/ Ideal self
Conditional/Unconditional Positive Regard
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological, Safety, Belonging/Love, Esteem, and Self-Actualization
TARGET 7: How does the biological theory explain the purpose of various personality
traits?
Hans Eysenck – Personality Dimensions
Neuroticism, Extraversion, Psychoticism
Unit 5 - Psychological Disorders
Target 1: How did the medical model influence the way that psychological disorders are
diagnosed? How are psychological disorders explained by the various modern
psychological perspectives?
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Etiology
Statistical Model
Medical Model
DSM-5
Deviant
Maladaptive (Dysfunctional)
Diathesis-Stress Model
Prevalence
Distress
Epidemiology
Danger
Target 2: How are psychological disorders explained by the various modern psychological
perspectives?
Biological
Evolutionary
Psychodynamic
Humanist
Cognitive
Behaviorist/Social Learning
Sociocultural
Biopsychosocial
Target 3: How do anxiety disorders affect behavior?
Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social
Phobia)
Agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Target 4: How do obsessive-compulsive and related disorders affect behavior?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hoarding
Trichotillomania
Target 5: How do trauma- and stressor-related disorders affect behavior?
Acute Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Target 6: How do somatic symptom and related disorders affect behavior?
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Factitious Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Target 7: How do dissociative disorders affect behavior?
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Fugue – Common symptom in dissociative disorders
Target 8: How do depressive disorders affect behavior?
Major Depressive Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder
(Dysthymia)
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Note: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is new and was created to address the
overdiagnosis of childhood bipolar. Involves frequent and extreme tantrums (3 or more
per week) in children who are persistently irritable for at least 12 months).
Target 9: How do bipolar and related disorders affect behavior?
Bipolar Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Target 10: How does schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders affect
behavior?
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective Disorder
Positive Symptoms
Hallucination
Delusions (Persecutory, Referential, Grandiose)
Disorganized Speech /Thought
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Negative Symptoms
Catatonic Immobility
Reduced Emotional Expression
Flat Affect
Loss of Pleasure
Social Withdrawal
Poverty of Speech
Target11: How do personality disorders affect behavior?
Paranoid
Antisocial
Avoidant
Schizoid
Borderline
Dependent
Schizotypal
Histrionic
Obsessive-Compulsive
Narcissistic
Unit 6 - Psychological Treatments
Target 1: What types of careers are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of mental
illness?
Psychiatrist
Psychoanalyst
Counselor
Social Worker
Family Therapy
Clinical Psychologist
Psychotherapist
Counseling Psychologist
Licensed Professional
Psychiatric Nurse
Group Therapy
Couples Therapy
Target 2: How are the techniques of the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approach used to
treat various psychological disorders?
Sigmund Freud
Resistance
Free Association
Transference
Dream Analysis
Target 3: How are the techniques of the humanistic approach used to treat various
psychological disorders?
Carl Rogers
Listening
Client-Centered
Unconditional Positive Regard
Target 4: How are the techniques of the behavioral approach used to treat various
psychological disorders?
John B. Watson
Mary Cover Jones
Counterconditioning
Active
B. F. Skinner
Economy
Aversive Conditioning
Joseph Wolpe
Hierarchy
Modeling Therapy
Behavior Modification
Token
Flooding
Systematic Desensitization
Anxiety
Target 5: How are the techniques of the cognitive-behavioral approach used to treat
various psychological disorders?
Albert Ellis
Model
Aaron Beck
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
ABC
Cognitive Restructuring
Target 6: How are the techniques of the neurobiological approach used to treat various
psychological disorders?
Drug Therapy
Lesioning
ECT
Antianxiety
Antidepressants
Mood stabilizers
Antipsychotics (Conventional v. Atypical)
Lobotomy
Unit 7 - Motivation and Emotion & Stress
TARGET 1: How do the various theories influence our understanding of motivation?
Instinct Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Secondary Drives
Incentive Theory
Optimum Arousal Theory
Evolutionary Theory
Needs v. Drives
Homeostasis
Primary v.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Affiliation Motivation
Achievement Motivation
TARGET 2: How does the regulation of hunger relate to motivation?
Psychological Factors (Stress)
Environmental Factors (Preferences, Habits)
Biological Factors
Metabolism
Set Point
Settling Point
Glucose
Insulin
Leptin
PYY
Ghrelin
Orexin
Ventromedial/Lateral Hypothalamus
Dietary Restraint
BMI
Obesity
Feeding and Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
TARGET 3: How does the human sexual response relate to motivation?
Gender
Sexual Identity
Gender Identity
Gender Roles
Androgyny
Alfred Kinsey
Masters and Johnson’s Stages of Sexual Response Cycle (Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm,
Resolution)
TARGET 4: How does the need for achievement relate to motivation?
Achievement motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Social Leadership v. Task Leadership
Theory X v. Theory Y Management Style
Industrial Organizational Psychology
Overjustification Effect
TARGET 5: How do the following components contribute to human beings experience of
emotion?
Physiological
Facial Feedback
Thalamus
Limbic System
Amygdala
Cognitive
Subjective Well-being
Feel-Good-Do Good
Relative Deprivation
Adaptation Level Hypothesis
Behavioral
Universal Facial Expressions
Cross-Cultural Experiences
Non-Verbal Communication
Catharsis
Display Rules
TARGET 6: How do the following theories explain one’s emotional experience?
James-Lange
Opponent-Process
Cannon-Bard
Schachter-Singer Two Factor
Robert Zajonc Cognitive Theory
Stress, Coping and Health
TARGET 1: Why do individuals experience stress?
Conflict Types
Approach-Approach
Avoidance-Avoidance
Multiple Approach-Avoidance
Life Changing Units
Daily Hassles
Catastrophic Events
Distress
Eustress
Acute Stressors
Chronic Stressors
Pressure
Frustration
TARGET 2: How do individuals respond to stress?
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Walter Cannon
Fight-or-Flight Reaction
Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
Coping Strategies
Stressors
Life Change Units
Type A v. Type B