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Psychology 40S Final Assessment Review 2016 Unit 1 – Introduction to Psychology Know the following schools of thought, their founding psychologist and how they contributed to our understanding of psychology: Behaviourism Structuralism Functionalism Humanism Who were the following people? What were their contributions to Psychology? 1. Rene Descartes 2. Wilhelm Wundt 3. Abraham Maslow 4. Jean Piaget 5. Ivan Pavlov 6. B.F. Skinner 7. Sigmund Freud 8. Carl Rogers Be able to discuss how the use of the scientific method is important to the validity of psychology? In addition be able to explain the following in regards to psychological experiments: Different research methods and their pros and cons Ethical issues while conducting experiments Problems and solutions in psychological research Unit 2 - Biopsychology Be able to discuss the following: Structures of the brain o Cerebrum o Corpus callosum (in regards to split brain surgery) o Thalamus (relay centre) o Hypothalamus o Pituitary gland (regulates hormone production) o Hippocampus (in relation to memory) o Cerebellum Endocrine system Central and peripheral nervous system How do sensation and perception work together and how can this impact human behaviour? Be able to support your answer with an example. What is the effect of stress on the body and how do we cope? Psychology 40S Final Assessment Review 2016 Motivation: Be able to explain different theories of motivation including, but not limited to, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. What is the difference between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation? Be able to provide examples of each. Unit 3 - Developmental Psychology Be able to discuss, and provide detail on, the following developmental theories: Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget) Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operations Discuss how the following concepts contribute to our cognitive development Schemas Assimilation and accommodation Object permanence Conservation Attachment Theory (Ainsworth, Harlow) How, why and when do attachments form? Secure attachment Avoidant attachment Resistant attachment What are the characteristics of different attachment styles? Erik Erickson – stage theory Trust versus mistrust Autonomy versus shame and doubt Initiative versus guilt Industry versus inferiority Identity versus confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Gerenativity vs. Self-absorption Integrity vs. Despair Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage theory Preconventional level Conventional level Postconventional level Psychology 40S Final Assessment Review 2016 Issues affecting adolescents: a) At-risk behaviour, why do adolescents put themselves at risk? b) Susceptibility to drug/alcohol abuse, causes Issues affecting adults: Age 30 crisis-leaving your youth / re-evaluating your life decisions and possibly making changes before it’s too late. Midlife crisis – looking/evaluating one’s life and grieving what hasn’t happened. Transition to parenthood the most dramatic. Why? Issues affecting older adults: Decline in mental functioning (is this a fact of old age?) Cognitive changes including Alzheimer’s disease / dementia Adjusting to death and dying (5 stages of grief) Personality theories: How did Freud explain personality using the id, ego & superego? What are personality traits? Discuss some common trait theories and how they explain personality. Unit 4 - Cognitive Psychology Be able to discuss the following theories of learning including their founders and famous experiments: 1. Classical Conditioning 2. Operate Conditioning 3. Observational Leaning Memory: be able to explain the following: The Process of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval Stages of memory: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory How do we organize information and solve problems? Explain some common errors in problem solving. Why do we need sleep? What influences sleep quality? Unit 5 - Variations in Individual and Group Behaviour What does it mean to be normal? When we deviate from the norm is this always considered a mental illness? The DSM IV – how we classify psychological disorders For the following lists of disorders please be familiar with their symptoms, causes, impacts and potential treatments. Psychology 40S Final Assessment Review 2016 Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Phobic Disorder Panic Disorder Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Somatoform & Dissociative Disorders Conversion Disorder Hypochondriac Dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Delusions Hallucinations Major depressive disorder Bipolar Disorder Personality Disorder and Drug Addiction Antisocial personality Drug Addiction Alcoholism Interpersonal Attraction Be able to discuss the impact of physical proximity and how we choose friends. Group Behaviour – be able to discuss the following Why do we join groups? What do they give us? How do groups function and perform in different situations. Conformity. Why do we conform? How do groups influence conformity? Obedience. Why do we obey? What influences obedience to authority? Social Perception – be able to discuss and define the following Stereotypes and discrimination Primacy effect Schemas Attribution Theory Explain the Triangular Theory of Love and different types of love relationships Psychology 40S Final Assessment Review 2016 Important Experiments and Videos Discussed in Class Mr. Split Brainy Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s 5 stages of grief Stress and Health Video (TED talk by Kelly McGonigal) Albert Bandura – Bobo Doll Experiment Ivan Pavlov – Classical Conditioning and Pavlov’s Dogs Gibson and Walk’s Visual Cliff The Case of Genie (Language development) B.F. Skinner – Skinner Box pigeon and rat studies Piaget’s experiments with his children Stanley Milgram’s Shock Experiment Harlow’s rhesus monkey experiment Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation John Watson’s Little Albert Experiment The Heinz Dilema (moral reasoning) The Mysterious Workings of the Adolescent Brain (TED talk on risky teen behaviour) Asch’s Conformity Experiment (line comparisons) Schachter’s Psychology of Affiliation Jane Elliot’s Blue-Eyed, Brown-Eyed Exercise Elkind’s 6 Problems with Adolescents Media influences on changing gender roles (ads and commercials)