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Cardiovascular Review Q’s: 1. What are the first vessels to branch off the aorta? (Hint: Remember that the heart feeds itself first). 2. Blood returning from the heart muscle to the right atrium drains into the _____________. 3. The AV valve located on the same side of the heart as the origin of the pulmonary artery is _______________. 4. A faulty aortic SL valve would result in less blood reaching the ________________. 5. The pacemaker region of the heart is known as __________________. 6. Histology of epicardium, myocardium, endocardium. 7. The first heart sound is due to ________________. 8. Which of the following statements is true concerning cardiac muscle? - has a structure similar to smooth muscle. - develops an oxygen debt very quickly during exercise. - contracts faster than skeletal muscle. - Contains membranous structures called intercalated disks. - Has fewer mitochondria than skeletal muscle. 9. The concentration of carbon dioxide is ______________ in tissues than in arterial blood. 10. ____________ have thick walls of smooth muscle and direct blood flow away from the heart. 11. ___________ have valves and return blood to the heart. 12. The layer of pericardium closest to the heart is called __________________. 13. What are the terms for the relaxation and contraction phases of the heart? 14. The cardiovascular system of the fetus bypasses the _____________ circuit because it is not yet functional. Lymphatic Review Q’s: 1. Localized swelling due to fluid retention is called: __________. 2. What is active immunity triggered by? 3. The lymphocyte responsible for producing antibodies is _______________. 4. What are the 3 major functions of the lymphatic system? 5. Which structure is not associated with the lymphatic system? Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, liver 6. All of the following are symptoms of the inflammatory response EXCEPT which of the following: redness, heat, swelling, bruising, pain 7. What initiates the inflammatory response? 8. Masses of lymphatic tissue found in the superior area of the larynx are called _____________. 9. Fluid balance performed by the lymphatic system helps maintain the homeostasis in the blood by ____________________. Respiratory Review Q’s: 1. Put the following terms in the correct sequence for the path of air (from point of inhalation): bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi 2. Which portion of the respiratory tract is also a passage for food? 3. Gas exchange occurs at the respiratory membrane between which two components? 4. Which of the following structures contain(s) cartilage: larynx, trachea, bronchi 5. The diaphragm contracts during _______________ and relaxes during ______________. 6. What transport process (absorption, secretion, diffusion, active transport) causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the capillaries and alveoli? 7. The concentration of carbon dioxide is (higher or lower) in tissues vs. arterial blood. 8. Which structure separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and with the uvula is depressed during the sneeze reflex?