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Do Now: What is Abnormal Psych? Look around the class. Is there anyone in here doing anything you would consider abnormal? If so…what is it? 1. Scientific Study of abnormal- Behaviors, Neurosis, Psychosis Goal is to change abnormal behavior patterns Disturbing 2. Disabling Behaviors that are: 3. Maladaptive • Psychopathology: Study of origin, development of disorders • Etiology: causes, development and prognosis • American Psychological Association (APA) uses the DSM-IV to classify psychological disorders by symptoms • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychological Disorders DSM-IV Classifies disorders by symptoms. 17 Categories divided into 400 disorders Axis I • Clinical Syndromes • Major disorders: anxiety, depression, substance abuse, schizophrenia , learning disabilities Axis II • Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • Borderline Personality Disorder • Pervasive Developmental Disabilities Axis IV • Social disorders that contribute to mental issues Axis III • Physical conditions and disorders that cause mental issues Axis V: measures impact of disorder • • Assessment of Children GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) • • • • • • • • • • • 1–100 Superior functioning in a wide range of activities, life's problems never seem to get out of hand, is sought out by others because of his or her many qualities. No symptoms. 81–90 Absent or minimal symptoms, good functioning in all areas, interested and involved in a wide range of activities, socially effective, generally satisfied with life, no more than everyday problems or concerns. 71–80 If symptoms are present they are transient and expectable reactions to psychosocial stresses; no more than slight impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning. 61–70 Some mild symptoms OR some difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning, but generally functioning pretty well, has some meaningful interpersonal relationships. 51–60 Moderate symptoms OR any moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning. 41–50 Serious symptoms OR any serious impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning. 31–40 Some impairment in reality testing or communication OR major impairment in several areas, such as work or school, family relations, judgment, thinking, or mood. 21–30 Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations OR serious impairment in communications or judgment OR inability to function in all areas.1 1–20 Some danger of hurting self or others OR occasionally fails to maintain minimal personal hygiene OR gross impairment in communication. 1–10 Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others OR persistent inability to maintain minimum personal hygiene OR serious suicidal act with clear expectation of death. 0 Not enough information available to provide GAF. What are some types of Disorders? Anxiety Disorders Phobias • Primary symptom • G.A.D., Panic Attacks • O.C.D.: Obsessions (thoughts) Compulsions (actions) • P.T.S.D.: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder • Intense irrational fear • Fear becomes phobia when it causes avoidance or disrupts life • 5% of the population has a phobia • Agoraphobia – fear of public • Acrophobia – fear of heights • Claustrophobia – fear of closed spaces Somatoform Disorders Dissociative Disorders • Physical symptoms: pain, nausea, etc. • Conversion disorders • Hypochondriasis • Sudden loss of memory or change in identity, amnesia • Fugue: flight from home to new identity • Dissociative Amnesia: traumatic event causes amnesia – memories may reappear • Dissociative Identity Disorder: multipersonality disorder • Often caused by sexual abuse as a child- splitting, losing time, different personalities • Very Rare. Sybil, Fight Club, Shutter Island Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder: • Moods that disrupt entire emotional state • Unipolar Depressive and Bipolar Depressive • Clinical Depression: lasts more than 2 weeks • Dysthmia: mild depression • Mood Swings between major periods of depression and mania • Mania: no sleep, big ego, talking fast, impulsive: gambling/sexual/dangerous behaviors • Cycling: time period between swings • Mild Bipolar Disorder: very common and easily medicated and treated Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia • Lack of touch with reality, hallucinations, delusions • Abnormal perceptions • Clang Associations • Paranoid • Disorganized • Catatonic • Undifferentiated • childhood schizophrenia What is the DSM-IV? Why is it used? Do you have a phobia? If so, what do you think it is? Personality Disorders Categorized • Longstanding maladaptive thought and behavior patterns • Three Clusters • 1. Odd/Eccentric • 2. Dramatic/Emotional • 3. Anti social Personality Disorders: Odd/eccentric Type Paranoid Suspicious, mistrustful Schizoid Poor ability to form social relationships Cold, withdrawn Schizotypal Odd Thinking Suspicious and hostile Personality Disorders: Dramatic/emotionally problematic Histrionic Excessively dramatic, overreacting, egocentric, attention seeking Narcissistic Unrealistically self important Manipulative, lacks empathy Borderline Emotionally unstable Unpredictable, clingy, chaotic relationships, good/bad no middle Personality Disorders: Chronic fearfulness/avoidant Avoidant Sensitive to personal rejection, socially withdrawn but desires acceptance Dependent Lacking in self confidence, allows others to make decisions Puts others needs first without thought to own, submissive Obsessive-Compulsive Also as a personality disorder – can be a personality trait (more mild) Emotionally insensitive, rigid, preoccupied with rules, schedules, etc. Personality Disorders: Antisocial Type Antisocial Disorders Used to be called sociopaths or psychopaths. Violate others rights, no remorse, no guilt, self indulgent, charming, can be violent Not just serial killers – often in positions of authority, high ranking, etc. • Final Psychology Project: • Choose one of the below Psychology Projects and complete by January 18th 2012: All written work must be typed. Fractured Fairytales: 1. Analyze a fairytale, storybook characters or popular cartoon and for each character, using your notes and information on Psychological Disorders: Analyze each character and their behaviors and thoughts to determine what possible Psychological or Personality Disorder they may have. Psychology and the Cinema 2. Watch a movie with a psychological them, (there are many but there is also a link on my website to multiple movies with the type of disorder addressed in the film next to it.) After watching the movie, write an analysis of the film including: Basic plot of movie, characters and setting, etc. What the psychological issue is that any of the characters are dealing with and a description of that psychological disorder (s). Discuss whether or not you believe that the film did a good job of depicting someone with this particular psychological or personality disorder and why. Creative Writing and Psychology: 3. Write a short story where the main character is struggling with a psychological or personality disorder. You can also write a short story from the viewpoint of a character with a specific psychological or personality disorder. Art & Psychology 4. Create a work of art that you feel illustrates a psychological or personality disorder 5. Create a collage of various scenes and pictures you feel illustrates several psychological disorders Psychology, Music & Poetry Create a play list, (written down ), of songs you feel are either written from the point of view or would be targeted towards someone with a psychological, personality disorder or problem. Try and categorize the songs with the disorders. Collect and put together in a little book, several poems and determine what emotional difficulty the poet was dealing with and/or what disorder they might’ve been struggling with when they wrote it. What is an Anxiety Disorder? What is Schizophrenia and what are the types? What are the three (3) categories of personality disorders? Developmental Disorders Disorders of childhood, infancy and adolescence Commonly detected early ADHD/ADD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unable to focus attention, impulsive Failure to complete tasks, easily distracted Autistic Spectrum Disorders Range of disorders based on symptoms diagnosed early in life Symptoms of Autism Symptoms • 1. Lack of response to others • 2. Impairment in verbal/nonverbal communication • 3. Very limited activities and interests, repetitive behavior (stacking or lining up objects, etc.) Types Aspergers Disorder P.D.D. Pervasive Developmental Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Autism (moderate to severe) Signs • No babbling by 12 months. • No gesturing (pointing, waving goodbye, etc.) by 12 months. • No single words by 16 months. • No two-word spontaneous phrases (other than instances of copy cat) by 24 months. • Any loss of any language or social skills, at any age Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) • Repetitive Movement: is repetitive movement, such as hand flapping, making sounds, head rolling, or body rocking. • Compulsive Behavior: is intended and appears to follow rules, such as arranging objects in stacks or lines. • Sameness is resistance to change; for example, insisting that the furniture not be moved or refusing to be interrupted. • Rituals: involves an unvarying pattern of daily activities, such as an unchanging menu or a dressing ritual. This is closely associated with sameness and an independent validation has suggested combining the two factors. • Restricted behavior is limited in focus, interest, or activity, such as preoccupation with a single television program, toy, or game. • Self Injury: includes movements that injure or can injure the person, such as eye poking, hand biting, and head banging. A 2007 study reported that self-injury at some point affected about 30% of children with ASD.[ • No single repetitive behavior seems to be specific to autism, but only autism appears to have an elevated pattern of occurrence and severity of these behaviors Eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa Abnormally restrictive food consumption, less than 85% ideal weight, unrealistic body image, can result in death. Bulimia Nervosa Binging and purging,(vomiting). Intake of thousands of calories, guilty, self critical, use of laxatives, can ruin tooth enamel, esophagus, nutritional and intestinal damage Pica Eating odd objects other than food, often chalk, paper, dirt. Seen in pregnancy as a nutritional disorder and in children older than 12 months as a possible developmental disorder Summary: Section II • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. What is the DSM-IV used for? 2. What are the five (5) axis categories on the DSM-IV? 3. What is the Global Assessment Scale? 4. What is an anxiety disorder? 5. Give two (2) examples of anxiety disorders 6. What is a phobia of being in small crowded places 7. What is a Somatoform Disorder? 8. Give two (2) examples of a dissociative disorder. 9. What is Schizophrenia? 11. What is the definition of personality disorder? 12. What three (3) ways are they categorized? 13. Define Paranoid Type 14. Define Schizoid Type 15. Define Schizotypal Type • 16. Define Borderline Personality Disorder • 17. Define Histrionic Personality Disorder • 18. Define Narcissistic Personality Disorder • 19. Define Avoidant Personality Disorder? 20. What is antisocial personality disorder? • 21. List two different types of Autism • 22. List 3 major symptoms of Autistic Spectrum Disorders in infants 23. What is Anorexia Nervosa? • 24. What is Bulimia Nervosa? • 25. What is Pica? Abnormal Psych: Section I Review 1.What is the definition of abnormal psychology? 2. The goal of abnormal psychologists is to change these three (3) types of behaviors 3. What is meant by the term Maladaptive? In what two ways would a psychologist look for maladaptive behavior? 4. What four (4) approaches seek to find causes of abnormal behavior? 5. What would a psychoanalytical psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior? 6. What would a behavioral psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior? 7. What would a cognitive psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior? 8. What would a biological psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior? 9. What is psychopathology and etiology? 10. What is the DSM-IV?