Download Abnormal Psychology

Do Now: What is Abnormal Psych?
Look around the
class. Is there anyone
in here doing
anything you would
consider abnormal?
If so…what is it?
1.
Scientific Study
of abnormal-
Behaviors,
Neurosis,
Psychosis
Goal is to change
abnormal
behavior patterns
Disturbing
2.
Disabling
Behaviors that
are:
3.
Maladaptive
• Psychopathology: Study of origin,
development of disorders
• Etiology: causes, development and prognosis
• American Psychological Association (APA) uses
the DSM-IV to classify psychological disorders
by symptoms
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Psychological Disorders
DSM-IV
Classifies disorders by symptoms. 17 Categories divided into 400 disorders
Axis I
• Clinical Syndromes
• Major disorders: anxiety,
depression, substance
abuse, schizophrenia ,
learning disabilities
Axis II
• Personality Disorders and Mental
Retardation
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Pervasive Developmental
Disabilities
Axis IV
• Social disorders that
contribute to mental issues
Axis III
• Physical conditions and
disorders that cause mental
issues
Axis V: measures impact of disorder
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Assessment of Children
GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning)
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1–100 Superior functioning in a wide range of activities, life's problems never seem to get out of
hand, is sought out by others because of his or her many qualities. No symptoms.
81–90 Absent or minimal symptoms, good functioning in all areas, interested and involved in a
wide range of activities, socially effective, generally satisfied with life, no more than everyday
problems or concerns.
71–80 If symptoms are present they are transient and expectable reactions to psychosocial
stresses; no more than slight impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning.
61–70 Some mild symptoms OR some difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning, but
generally functioning pretty well, has some meaningful interpersonal relationships.
51–60 Moderate symptoms OR any moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school
functioning.
41–50 Serious symptoms OR any serious impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning.
31–40 Some impairment in reality testing or communication OR major impairment in several areas,
such as work or school, family relations, judgment, thinking, or mood.
21–30 Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations OR serious impairment in
communications or judgment OR inability to function in all areas.1
1–20 Some danger of hurting self or others OR occasionally fails to maintain minimal personal
hygiene OR gross impairment in communication.
1–10 Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others OR persistent inability to maintain
minimum personal hygiene OR serious suicidal act with clear expectation of death.
0 Not enough information available to provide GAF.
What are some types of
Disorders?
Anxiety
Disorders
Phobias
• Primary symptom
• G.A.D., Panic Attacks
• O.C.D.: Obsessions (thoughts) Compulsions
(actions)
• P.T.S.D.: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Intense irrational fear
• Fear becomes phobia when it causes
avoidance or disrupts life
• 5% of the population has a phobia
• Agoraphobia – fear of public
• Acrophobia – fear of heights
• Claustrophobia – fear of closed spaces
Somatoform
Disorders
Dissociative
Disorders
• Physical symptoms: pain, nausea, etc.
• Conversion disorders
• Hypochondriasis
• Sudden loss of memory or change in
identity, amnesia
• Fugue: flight from home to new
identity
• Dissociative Amnesia: traumatic event
causes amnesia – memories may
reappear
• Dissociative Identity Disorder: multipersonality disorder
• Often caused by sexual abuse as a
child- splitting, losing time, different
personalities
• Very Rare. Sybil, Fight Club, Shutter
Island
Mood
Disorders
Bipolar
Disorder:
• Moods that disrupt entire emotional
state
• Unipolar Depressive and Bipolar
Depressive
• Clinical Depression: lasts more than 2
weeks
• Dysthmia: mild depression
• Mood Swings between major periods of
depression and mania
• Mania: no sleep, big ego, talking fast, impulsive:
gambling/sexual/dangerous behaviors
• Cycling: time period between swings
• Mild Bipolar Disorder: very common and easily
medicated and treated
Schizophrenia
Types of
Schizophrenia
• Lack of touch with reality,
hallucinations, delusions
• Abnormal perceptions
• Clang Associations
• Paranoid
• Disorganized
• Catatonic
• Undifferentiated
• childhood schizophrenia
What is the DSM-IV?
Why is it used?
Do you have a phobia? If so,
what do you think it is?
Personality
Disorders
Categorized
• Longstanding maladaptive
thought and behavior
patterns
• Three Clusters
• 1. Odd/Eccentric
• 2. Dramatic/Emotional
• 3. Anti social
Personality Disorders: Odd/eccentric Type
Paranoid
Suspicious, mistrustful
Schizoid
Poor ability to form social
relationships
Cold, withdrawn
Schizotypal
Odd Thinking
Suspicious and hostile
Personality Disorders: Dramatic/emotionally problematic
Histrionic
Excessively dramatic, overreacting, egocentric, attention seeking
Narcissistic
Unrealistically self important
Manipulative, lacks empathy
Borderline
Emotionally unstable
Unpredictable, clingy, chaotic
relationships, good/bad no middle
Personality Disorders: Chronic fearfulness/avoidant
Avoidant
Sensitive to personal rejection, socially withdrawn but desires acceptance
Dependent
Lacking in self confidence, allows
others to make decisions
Puts others needs first without thought
to own, submissive
Obsessive-Compulsive
Also as a personality disorder – can be
a personality trait (more mild)
Emotionally insensitive, rigid,
preoccupied with rules, schedules, etc.
Personality Disorders: Antisocial Type
Antisocial Disorders
Used to be called sociopaths or psychopaths. Violate others rights,
no remorse, no guilt, self indulgent, charming, can be violent
Not just serial killers – often in
positions of authority, high ranking,
etc.
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Final Psychology Project:
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Choose one of the below Psychology Projects and complete by January 18th 2012:
All written work must be typed.
Fractured Fairytales:
1. Analyze a fairytale, storybook characters or popular cartoon and for each character, using
your notes and information on Psychological Disorders: Analyze each character and their
behaviors and thoughts to determine what possible Psychological or Personality Disorder
they may have.
Psychology and the Cinema
2. Watch a movie with a psychological them, (there are many but there is also a link on my
website to multiple movies with the type of disorder addressed in the film next to it.) After
watching the movie, write an analysis of the film including:
Basic plot of movie, characters and setting, etc.
What the psychological issue is that any of the characters are dealing with and a description of
that psychological disorder (s).
Discuss whether or not you believe that the film did a good job of depicting someone with this
particular psychological or personality disorder and why.
Creative Writing and Psychology:
3. Write a short story where the main character is struggling with a psychological or personality
disorder. You can also write a short story from the viewpoint of a character with a specific
psychological or personality disorder.
Art & Psychology
4. Create a work of art that you feel illustrates a psychological or personality disorder
5. Create a collage of various scenes and pictures you feel illustrates several psychological
disorders
Psychology, Music & Poetry
Create a play list, (written down ), of songs you feel are either written from the point of view or
would be targeted towards someone with a psychological, personality disorder or problem.
Try and categorize the songs with the disorders.
Collect and put together in a little book, several poems and determine what emotional difficulty
the poet was dealing with and/or what disorder they might’ve been struggling with when they
wrote it.
What is an Anxiety Disorder?
What is Schizophrenia and what
are the types?
What are the three (3)
categories of personality
disorders?
Developmental Disorders
Disorders of childhood, infancy and adolescence
Commonly detected early
ADHD/ADD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Unable to focus attention, impulsive
Failure to complete tasks, easily distracted
Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Range of disorders based on symptoms diagnosed early in life
Symptoms of Autism
Symptoms
• 1. Lack of response to others
• 2. Impairment in
verbal/nonverbal communication
• 3. Very limited activities and
interests, repetitive behavior
(stacking or lining up objects,
etc.)
Types
Aspergers Disorder
P.D.D. Pervasive Developmental
Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Autism (moderate to severe)
Signs
• No babbling by 12 months.
• No gesturing (pointing, waving
goodbye, etc.) by 12 months.
• No single words by 16 months.
• No two-word spontaneous
phrases (other than instances
of copy cat) by 24 months.
• Any loss of any language or social
skills, at any age
Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised
(RBS-R)
• Repetitive Movement: is repetitive movement, such as hand flapping,
making sounds, head rolling, or body rocking.
• Compulsive Behavior: is intended and appears to follow rules, such as
arranging objects in stacks or lines.
• Sameness is resistance to change; for example, insisting that the furniture
not be moved or refusing to be interrupted.
• Rituals: involves an unvarying pattern of daily activities, such as an
unchanging menu or a dressing ritual. This is closely associated with
sameness and an independent validation has suggested combining the
two factors.
• Restricted behavior is limited in focus, interest, or activity, such as
preoccupation with a single television program, toy, or game.
• Self Injury: includes movements that injure or can injure the person, such
as eye poking, hand biting, and head banging. A 2007 study reported that
self-injury at some point affected about 30% of children with ASD.[
• No single repetitive behavior seems to be specific to autism, but only
autism appears to have an elevated pattern of occurrence and severity of
these behaviors
Eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Abnormally restrictive food consumption, less than 85% ideal weight, unrealistic body
image, can result in death.
Bulimia Nervosa
Binging and purging,(vomiting). Intake of thousands of calories, guilty, self critical, use of
laxatives, can ruin tooth enamel, esophagus, nutritional and intestinal damage
Pica
Eating odd objects other than food, often chalk, paper, dirt. Seen in pregnancy as a
nutritional disorder and in children older than 12 months as a possible developmental
disorder
Summary: Section II
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1. What is the DSM-IV used for?
2. What are the five (5) axis categories
on the DSM-IV?
3. What is the Global Assessment Scale?
4. What is an anxiety disorder?
5. Give two (2) examples of anxiety
disorders
6. What is a phobia of being in small
crowded places
7. What is a Somatoform Disorder?
8. Give two (2) examples of a
dissociative disorder.
9. What is Schizophrenia?
11. What is the definition of personality
disorder?
12. What three (3) ways are they
categorized?
13. Define Paranoid Type
14. Define Schizoid Type
15. Define Schizotypal Type
• 16. Define Borderline
Personality Disorder
• 17. Define Histrionic
Personality Disorder
• 18. Define Narcissistic
Personality Disorder
• 19. Define Avoidant
Personality Disorder?
20. What is antisocial
personality disorder?
• 21. List two different types of
Autism
• 22. List 3 major symptoms of
Autistic Spectrum Disorders in
infants
23. What is Anorexia Nervosa?
• 24. What is Bulimia Nervosa?
• 25. What is Pica?
Abnormal Psych:
Section I Review
1.What is the definition of abnormal
psychology?
2. The goal of abnormal
psychologists is to change these
three (3) types of behaviors
3. What is meant by the term
Maladaptive? In what two ways
would a psychologist look for
maladaptive behavior?
4. What four (4) approaches seek to
find causes of abnormal behavior?
5. What would a psychoanalytical
psychologist look for to determine
causes of abnormal behavior?
6. What would a behavioral
psychologist look for to determine
causes of abnormal behavior?
7. What would a cognitive
psychologist look for to determine
causes of abnormal behavior?
8. What would a biological
psychologist look for to determine
causes of abnormal behavior?
9. What is psychopathology and
etiology?
10. What is the DSM-IV?