Download endocrine

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Morning!
• Turn in take home
exam
• Please pick up a copy
of the notes, guided
reading and copy
down the vocabulary.
Both are due on
Friday:
1. Endocrine
2. Hormone
3. Secretion
4. Insulin
5. Diabetes
6. Testosterone
7. Estrogen
8. Gametes
9. Fertilization
10.Gestation
11. Cell differentiation
12. Ovary
13. Uterus
14.Fallopian Tube
15. Placenta
It releases chemical messages called hormones
into the blood to signal other cells to behave in
certain ways. It is a slow but widespread form of
communication.
2. Consists of:
A. Endocrine glands - release
hormones into the
bloodstream.
B. Hormones are chemicals
released in one part of the
body that travel through the
bloodstream and affect the
activities of cells in other
parts of the body.
C. Hormones are chemical
messages
http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/hormones/
A. Hormones are created for specific cells
B. These hormones fit into receptors on the outside of
the cell
C. Once a hormone is received at a receptor the cell
receives the chemical message (grow, change, DO
SOMETHING!)
Comparison of Body Control Systems
1. Nervous System
A. Nerves send electrical
impulses using a chemical
called neurotransmitters.
B. Help maintain homeostasis.
C. Nerve responses are rapid
and of short duration.
D. Nerve impulses are
transmitted through nerve
cells.
E. Like a text message
2. Endocrine System
A. Secrete chemical messages
called hormones.
B. Help maintain homeostasis.
C. Endocrine responses are
slow but of longer duration.
D. Hormones are carried by the
bloodstream
E. Like a letter in the mail
1. Pituitary Gland
A. Function: It secretes nine hormones that directly
regulate many body functions and controls functions
of other glands.
B. Disorders: Too much growth hormones (GH) in early
childhood can result in a condition called gigantism.
Too little GH can result in Pituitary Dwarfism.
The Roloff Family
Little People Big World
Robert Wadlow
2. Thyroid Gland
A. Function: plays a major role in regulation the body’s
metabolism.
B. Disorders: If the Thyroid Gland produces too much
Thyroxin, it can cause a condition known as
Hyperthyroidism. If too little thyroxin is produced it is
called Hypothyroidism.
1.
C. Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in the
body
2. Building new cells, tissues, proteins, compounds
etc.
3. Breaking things down:
▫ Starch  glucose
▫ Proteins  amino acids
▫ Fats  fatty acids + glycerol
• http://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/metabolism/
3. Pancreas
A. Function: Produces insulin and glycogen which
regulate blood glucose levels
B. Disorders: When the Pancreas fails to produce or
properly use Insulin, it can cause a condition known
as Diabetes Mellitus.
C. Diabetes Mellitus
1. A disorder characterized by an insulin deficiency
which results in an elevated blood sugar level
▫ *Insulin – a hormone secreted by the
pancreas that is responsible for
controlling levels of glucose in the blood
2. Concentration of glucose in the blood must be
monitored to avoid high or low sugar levels
Complications of diabetes:
▫
Heart disease and stroke, Kidney failure, Nerve
damage, Amputations, Vision loss
Diabetes
• http://www.brainpop.com/health/diseasesinjuri
esandconditions/diabetes/
• Eating 3 large meals a day creates large spikes in blood
glucose levels and slow down metabolism
• Whatever glucose is not needed immediately is stored
in the body temporarily as glucagon
• Glucagon, when unused within 24 hours, is converted
to fat
• Eating 5-6 small meals throughout the day keeps your
metabolism running and avoids large spikes in blood
glucose levels
• This way you eat only what you need, nothing is stored
as glucagon or fat!
Testing and Monitoring Type I
Testing and Monitoring Type II
•
•
Blood from finger tip pricks are used to test the
amount of sugar present
Patients administer their own insulin via
syringe
Making Insulin – Gene splicing
Gene Splicing
•
•
•
DNA sections that tell the body how to make insulin
are cut from human DNA
This section is then pasted into bacterial DNA
The bacteria now has the “insulin manual” and can
produce human insulin!
Insulin and Negative Feedback
• Video Human Body Concepts
Bad
grade
Trouble
Study
More
Good
grade
A. Negative feedback is a process that helps to
maintain internal homeostasis
B. A stimulus creates a change
C. This change turns off the stimulus
You run
You get hot
You sweat
Sweat cools you down
Body temperature returns to normal
4. Adrenal Gland
A. Functions: The adrenal glands release
Adrenaline in the body that helps prepare
for and deal with stress.
B. Also regulates kidney function.
5. Ovaries
A. Functions: Pair of reproductive
organs found in women that produce
eggs.
B. Also secrete estrogen and
progesterone, which control ovulation
and menstruation.
6. Testes
A. Functions: Pair of reproductive glands
that produces sperm.
B. Also secrete Testosterone to give the
body its masculine characteristics.
Interaction of Glands
The hypothalamus is located in the brain and controls the
release of hormones from the pituitary gland. It is an
important link between the endocrine and nervous systems.
http://www.biocfarm.unibo.it/aunsnc/images/3D%20Obje
cts/Hypothalamus.gif
• http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/
endocrinesystem/