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Endocrine system
Hormones


Non-steriod and steroid hormones
Chemicals released by
glands of the E.S. into
the blood stream.
Hormones regulate
many bodily functions
by sending messages
to cells.
Steroid hormones
Regulate a cell’s DNA
by turning genes on or off
Steroid hormone
Receptor
Nucleus
Hormone-receptor
complex
Altered cellular
function
DNA
Protein
synthesis
mRNA
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Non steroid hormones
Can’t enter the cell,
but use secondary
messengers to alter
cell functions
These
ATP
messengers
activate and inhibit
many cell activities.
Enzyme
activities
Altered
cellular
function
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cAMP
(second messenger)
Homeostasis


Metabolism: internal
body heat adjusts to
temperature.
Water balance:
causes thirst if too
low, extra urine
output if too high.
Master
glands



Pituitary: controls 9 other glands
Produces growth hormone
Hypothalamus: part of the nervous sys. that controls
the pituitary.


Thyroid gland: regulates the body’s
metabolism- rate at which cells use energy
Parathyroid: controls the Calcium balance
in the blood.
Adrenals




Located on top of
each kidney
Forms adrenaline as
a reaction to stress:
faster heart beat,
stronger, more alert
“fight or flight”
response
Pancreas


Regulates levels of
blood sugar in cells.
Insulin allows cells to
take in glucose.
Diabetes mellitus:
disease of the pancreas
where insulin is not
produced or used
properly.
Comparing type I, type II diabetes
Type I Diabetes
Gonads


Function: production of gametes and secretion
of sex hormones.
Controls male and female sexual reproduction.