Download Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 5e (Martini

Chapter 10 Study Guide: The Endocrine System
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How do the actions of hormones compare to those of the nervous system?
How do steroid hormones travel through the blood?
How do steroid and thyroid hormones enter target cells?
What is the function of prostaglandins?
How do steroid and thyroid hormones alter enzyme activity and protein structure in target cells?
What happens when a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the plasma membrane of a target cell?
Enzymes that alter a cell’s metabolic activity by phosphorylating (adding phosphate to) other molecules are called…
In what 3 ways does the hypothalamus controls endocrine activity?
Which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and released into the blood via the posterior pituitary?
What are gonadotropins? Which two hormones are gonadotropins?
Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the…
Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Diabetes insipidus is caused by…
What physiological changes do hormones induce in order to increase and decrease calcium levels in the blood?
Why do localized cortisone shots help athletes play through injuries?
Which hormones are produced by the suprarenal cortex?
What are the inner and outer layers of the suprarenal gland called?
Inadequate insulin production would result in what disease?
Which hormones cause the increased metabolic activity associated with the fight or flight response?
The interstitial cells of the testes respond to luteinizing hormone by producing…
In Type II diabetes mellitus, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of
insulin. What is the likely explanation?
22. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by what symptoms?
23. The functions of the hormones on your one-sheet!
* You many disregard renin (angiotensin II), atrial natriuretic peptide, and thymosins.
Essay
1. Explain why low levels of calcium in the blood can lead to muscle spasms or convulsions.
2. Explain the negative feedback mechanism that regulates either interactions of insulin and glucagon. You may answer with
either a detailed diagram OR a written response. Include all target tissues involved and their contribution to maintaining
homeostasis.