Download Final Review pre ap 11

Pre AP BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET
Genetics
1. Be able to draw punnett squares and solve genetics problems involving one or two traits for
complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked alleles.
2. Be able to differentiate genotype and phenotype.
3. Have a working understanding of Mendel’s work and its significance to the field of genetics today.
4. Be able to determine gamete genotypes from parental genotypes.
5. Be able to interpret a karyotype.
6. Know the specific genetic disorders discussed.
7. Understand what is meant by sex linkage.
8. Be able to describe and recognize examples of mutations .
9. Be able to differentiate between the ABO blood groups.
10. Know the nondisjunction disorders discussed.
11. Know the outcome of meiosis.
12. Know the difference between haploid and diploid
Evolution
1. Know the scientists- Hutton, Lyell, Lamarck, Malthus, Darwin
2. Evidence of Evolution- Fossils, Homologous structures, vestigial organs, similarities in early
development, molecular biology
3. Genes and Variation- gene pool, gene recombination, allele frequency, genetic equilibrium
4. Evolution as Genetic Change- gene flow, genetic drift, founder effect, bottle necking
State the definition for species.
5. Mechanisms of Evolution- Stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruption selection
6. Explain the process of speciation.
7. Explain how changes in genes cause variations within populations that lead to natural selection.
8. Discuss the following 3 major influences that Darwin took into consideration when forming his
theory.
9. Explain how the pepper moth and sickle cell anemia provide evidence for natural selection.
10. Define evolution
11.Explain relative dating of fossils and radioactive dating of fossils.
12. Isolating mechanisms- behavioral isolation, temporal isolation, reproductive isolation,
geographic isolation
13. Patterns of Evolution- Macroevolution, adaptive radiation, coevolution, mass extinction,
convergent evolution, punctuated equilibrium
Taxonomy
1. List the characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms and be able to differentiate between them. Compare
body plans and body systems such as circulation, respiration, etc.
2. Describe and recognize a virus.
3. Differentiate between lytic and a lysogenic viral cycles.
4. Describe the basic structure and characteristics of bacteria.
5. Know the basic characteristics of protists and how they are classified.
6. Know the general structures and characteristics of fungi.
7. Be able to work through a dichotomous key.
Plants
1. Describe the differences between nonvascular and vascular plants.
2. Compare sporophyte and gametophyte generations in the lifecycle of a plant.
3. What are the differences between xylem and phloem. (structure, function, in roots, in stems)
4. Know what adaptations seed plants had to have to survive life on land.
5. Know the structure and functions of roots, stems, and leaves.
6.
Describe the characteristics of gymnosperms and be able to give specific examples.
7.
Describe the characteristics of angiosperms and be able to give specific examples.
8. Make a chart comparing monocots and dicots.
9. Draw a flower and list the function of each of its parts.
10. Describe how pollination can occur?
11. What are methods of seed dispersal?
12. Know the various plant pigments and what they do.
13. What nutrients are required for growth of a plant?
14.
List the plant hormones and tell the effects of each on the plant.
15.
Draw a leaf cross section, label the parts, and tell the function of each.
16.
Define geotropism, thigmotropism, and phototrophism.
Human Body Systems
Know all the systems of the human body in detail.
A. Skeletal System – names of bones, parts of bones, types of joints, ligaments, tendons,
cartilage
B. Muscular System – types of muscles and where found, how muscles and bones interact,
how muscle contracts,
C. Integumentary System – parts and function; cross-section of skin
D. Digestive System – parts and process, associated glands and organs.
E. Respiratory System – parts and functions, mechanics of breathing,
F. Circulatory System – parts of heart, movement of blood thru heart, types of blood vessels,
parts of blood, types of circulation, blood clotting
G. Excretory System – structure of kidney and function, basic structure and function of
nephron
H. Endocrine System – name and location of glands, hormones produced by each gland,
hormone action – nonsteroid vs. steroid, , exocrine vs. endocrine glands, prostaglandins
I. Nervous System- structure and function of brain and neuron
Be sure to review all lab material, notes, and word parts.