Download Integrated Social Studies Mr. Johnson Study Guide for Chapter 1

Integrated Social Studies
Study Guide for Chapter 1
Mr. Johnson
Section 1: The Study of Geography
Terms to know
Geography
Writing about the Earth
absolute location
exact location on globe
hemisphere Half of the Earth
relative location Location compare to
other places
Five themes of Geography are:
What does each theme mean?
1.
Location
- Where something is on earth
2.
Place
- Physical & Human characteristics of a location
3.
Regions
- Group of places with at least one thing in common
4.
Movement
- How people, goods, and ideas move between places
5.
Human-Environment Interaction
- How people use their environment
Section 2: Changes within the Earth
Terms to know
core Center of the earth
mantle Surrounds the core
crust Outermost layer of earth
hydrosphere Includes all the water on Earth
plate tectonics moving sections of Earth’s crust
Subduction one plate moves under another
Pangaea Original “supercontinent”
Geyser Water forced upward as steam that
erupts from the crust
biosphere All living things on earth
Ring of Fire Around the Pacific-Volcanoes
Why do earthquakes and volcanoes often occur close to each other? They both occur in areas
where different plates meet and create unstable areas of the crust.
What evidence exists that suggests that there was once a “super continent”? Continents fit like
a puzzle, fossils match on different continents, rocks were much alike.
Section 3: Changes on the Earth’s Surface
Terms to know
Mechanical weathering rocks physically changed Chemical Weathering rocks chemically
changed in to a new substance
acid rain caused bypollution
Erosion movement of weathered materials
sediment small particles carried by water
dust bowl 1930s drought in US midwest
glacier large sheets of ice that move
moraine Large rock or debris left by glaciers
Think about a sidewalk in town that is 50 years old. What weathering process do you think
would cause the most damage to the sidewalk? Explain why you selected your answer.
Chemical would break down the concrete. Mechanical would wear it down. If acid rain were
present, chemical would work faster. If not, mechanical wear would work faster
What is the approximate weight of water? 8 pounds
Integrated Social Studies
Study Guide for Chapter 1
Mr. Johnson
Explain the difference in mechanical weathering and chemical weathering.
Mechanical breaks rocks into smaller rocks of the same type. Chemical weathering causes the
rocks to change into something different.
Written response possibilities
Do you think the Earth has a greater impact on humans or do humans have a greater impact on
the Earth? Explain your answer using information from Chapter 1 to support your position.
Earth Impact: Without the Earth, humans would never have developed, adapted, and survived
to become intelligent beings. Without Earth, humans could not exist.
Human Impact: Since the human population has grown, we have made more and more
demands on the resources Earth provides. We have produced more pollution, more waste, and
more changes than ever before.
If you live near a fault line, what changes would you make to your home in order for it to
survive? What preparations would you make for you and your family? Explain your answer
using information from Chapter 1 to support your decisions.
Reinforce the walls, foundation, and any other part of the home that might be damaged in an
earthquake. Bolt furniture to walls to prevent turnovers. Put latches on shelves to prevent
opening in an earthquake. Prepare supplies like water, food, and temporary shelter (tents).
Store supplies in case of emergencies.
When you are an adult, you will have a chance to decide where you live. Do you think you
would prefer to live in an urban or rural area? Would you prefer to live in a warmer or cooler
climate? Would it matter to you the type of region you live in? Explain your answer using
information from Chapter 1 to support your decision.
Urban: More things to do, more chances to get work, less travel to where you need to go.
Rural: More peaceful, fewer people, slower way of life
Warmer: More activity outside, more pleasant climate, more sun
Cooler: Like winter activities like snow, prefer cooler weather