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Transcript
Chapter 4 Vocabulary Lessons 1 and 2 1. 2. 3. 4. Core – the central part of Earth that lives beneath the mantle Mantle – the thick layer of solid a molten rock that surrounds the core Crust – the thin layer of solid rock that makes up the outermost layer of Earth Hydrosphere – all of Earth’s liquid and solid water including oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and underground water 5. Landforms – a physical feature on Earth’s surface. 6. Plate tectonics – the theory of how forces deep within Earth can cause seafloors to spread and continents to move. 7. Magma – hot, melted rock inside Earth 8. Fault – deep cracks in Earth’s crust where rocks move in opposite directions. 9. Earthquake – a sudden movement of Earth’s crust 10. Focus – the place where an earthquake starts 11. Epicenter – the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake 12. Volcano – is an opening in Earth’s crust 13. Lava – hot, melted rock that reaches Earth’s surface Lessons 3 and 4 14. Weathering - the process through which rocks and other materials are broken down 15. Physical weathering – weathering caused by pushing, pulling, rubbing, or temperature changes 16. Chemical weathering – weathering caused by chemicals breaking down rocks 17. Erosion – process which weathered rock is moved from one place to another 18. Glacier- a large mass of slowly flowing ice 19. Deposition –process by which eroded materials are dropped off in another place 20. Meander – gentle loops in rivers or streams with slow moving water 21. Sediment – particles of soil and rock that are carried away in water 22. Floodplain - a place that is easily flooded when river water rises 23. Barrier island - large sandbars that stretch for hundreds of kilometers along a coastline 24. Tsunami – a series of large waves caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption beneath the oceans 25. Levee – a wall or large mound of earth built along a river to prevent it from flooding