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CRCT Study Guide-Earth Science
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What do scientists believe created the Universe?
What do scientists believe our galaxy was created from?
What galaxy do we live in?
What theory did scientists believe to be true about the view of our solar
system and how it is set up?
The idea that the sun is the center of the universe is called what?
What scientist made this discovery?
Distance in space is measured by what?
Where in the Milky Way galaxy is our solar system located?
Which planets are the “gas giants?”
Which planets are the “terrestrial planets?”
What separates the inner planets from the outer planets?
Which planet is about the same size as Earth?
Which planets are the most likely to be able to support life?
Which planet would you weight the most on? The least?
What does Earth have that the other planets do not have that make it able
to support life?
What is the difference between rotation and revolution?
One rotation of Earth equals what?
One revolution of Earth equals what?
What is the force that keeps us on Earth, but pulls the Earth toward the
sun?
What is the name of the shape that the Earth makes when it is in orbit
around the sun?
A chunky ball of space ice and rocks is called what?
What are the 3 main parts of a comet?
In which direction does a comet’s tail always face?
A chunk of rock and metal that is very similar to Earth is called a what?
Where are most asteroids located?
What is the difference between a meteroid, meterorite, and a meteor?
Meteors are also called what?
What is the difference between waxing and waning?
What is the difference between a gibbious and a crescent moon?
About how long does it take for the moon to make a cycle of phases?
Put the phases in order beginning with a new moon.
The position of what two objects in the sky is responsible for the moon’s
phases?
Under what conditions do eclipses occur?
What phase must the moon be in to allow for a lunar eclipse?
Draw the sun, moon, and earth during a solar eclipse.
How can the moon, which is much smaller than the sun, completely cover
the sun during a solar eclipse?
What causes the seasons?
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If it is fall in the Southern Hemisphere, what season is it in the Northern
Hemisphere?
At what angle is the Earth tilted?
What are the dates for the season changes?
How much of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?
What percentage of the water on Earth is saltwater? Liquid fresh? Frozen
Fresh?
Name the five oceans.
Put the oceans in order from largest to smallest.
What is the main substance found in the ocean’s water? What is its
chemical formula? (Example: water-H2O)
Where is most of the fresh water located?
Where does our water come from?
What part of the water cycle occurs when water vapor cools?
Where does most of the water go when it falls as precipitation?
Name the 3 basic types of clouds.
What causes evaporation to occur?
Name 3 types of heat transfer.
The Coriolis Effect causes winds to move in which direction in the
Northern Hemisphere?
Which heats faster, land or water?
What happens to heated air and water at the equator?
What happens to the cold air and water at the poles?
What is this process called (in previous questions)?
What do weather fronts usually cause?
What kind of weather does a warm front produce?
What kind of weather does a cold front produce?
What must be present for a hurricane to occur?
What must be present for a tornado to occur?
Going from the beach toward the water, describe the landforms found on
the ocean floor.
What’s the deepest point on Earth?
What causes waves? Tides?
What is the distance from crest to trough in a wave called?
What is the Gulf Stream?
How long does it take to go from high tide to low tide?
How many high/low tides occur in a day?
What makes wind?
What is a convection current?
How do clouds form?
Describe the water cycle.
What is a front?
Why do global winds travel in curved lines rather than straight lines?
How is a tornado different from a hurricane?
Name the layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth up.
Which layer does weather occur in?
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What are the 5 tests used to identify a mineral?
How do you determine a minerals hardness?
Which is harder—a 10 or a 1 on MOH’s Hardness Scale?
What is a mineral’s streak?
What is the difference between fracture and cleavage?
Name the 3 types of rocks.
How are rocks sorted?
Draw the rock cycle.
Metamorphic rocks are formed from what?
Igneous rocks are formed from what?
Sedimentary rocks are formed from what?
What causes any rock to turn into sediment?
What is the difference between magma and lava?
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks?
Why do some igneous rocks have large crystals, and some have small
crystals?
What does “The Law of Superposition” say?
How do scientist explain why ocean and marine animal fossils have been
found on top of mountains?
Name the five types of fossils and describe each one.
Which type of rock contains the most fossils? Why?
Where do most minerals come from in the ocean?
Name the layers of the Earth.
Which layer is the thickest?
Which layer has the greatest density?
Which layer is the hottest?
What is each layer made of? Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core
About how deep have we been able to go into the Earth?
Name 2 differences between the mantle and the crust.
How is continental crust different from oceanic crust? What happens
when ocean crust and continental crust collide?
What does the Theory of Continental Drift explain?
What is plate tectonics?
What two events are created by the movement of plates?
What happens in the mantle that causes crustal plates to moves?
What causes earthquakes?
Why don’t we have more earthquakes here in the eastern US?
Where do most earthquakes occur in the US? Why there?
In what layer(s) of the Earth are earthquakes created?
What is a convergent boundary?
What is a divergent boundary?
What is a transform boundary?
What is the difference between magma and lava?
What causes volcanoes?
What are the 3 types of volcanoes?
Where in the World do most volcanoes occur?
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Why do they occur there?
Name the 4 layers of soil.
What is humus?
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering?
What causes abrasion to occur?
Would abrasion be chemical or mechanical weathering?
What type of weathering is acid rain-mechanical or chemical?
What is soil made of?
Name 3 ways that farmers do to conserve the soil on their farms.
What are fossil fuels?
Name 3 reasons why fossil fuels have a negative impact on Earth.
Name 4 alternative, renewable fuels.
Why are fossil fuels called “nonrenewable” sources of energy?