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Name: ____________________________________
Date: _______________ Period: _______
Skill of the week- Earth/Space Science Drawing Conclusions
MONDAY
Read and answer the following questions.
The three main layers of the Earth are the crust, mantle and core (inner and outer core layers).
Temperature increases from the crust to the core. It is very hot inside Earth. Pressure also increases
from the crust to the core. The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the
ocean floor. Earth’s mantle is made up of rock that is very hot but a flexible solid and is the
thickest layer. The core is the Earth’s inside layer that is hot, dense and made of metals (mostly of
iron and nickel).
Earth’s Layers
Layer #
1
2
depth
0
5-40 km
-90 to 50 C
8700 C
Convection currents
Magma
2,900 km
lithosphere, astenosphere
1
2
3
4
hot, dense, metals
{
plates
temp
2,900 km
35,100 km
2,200 0 C
5,100 km
46, 300
5,000 0 C
6,300 km
Use the diagrams above to answer the questions.
2
1. Use each layer once: crust, inner core, outer core, mantle. Which part of the earth is
A. Labeled 1? ____________________________________
B. Labeled 2? ____________________________________
C. Labeled 3? ____________________________________
D. Labeled 4? ____________________________________
2. What is the relationship between depth and temperature? (Fill in the blank with increases,
decreases, stays the same)
As depth increases, temperature inside Earth __________________________________
3. What is the relationship between depth and pressure?
As depth increases, pressure _______________________________________________
4. Which part of the earth has the following characteristic… (core, crust or mantle)
A. Very hot, dense and made of metals (metallic)? _______________________
B. Divided into separate plates? ____________________
C. Controls the movement of plates by convection currents moving magma?_______________
TUESDAY
Read and answer the following questions.
Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift stated that all the continents were once joined together in a
single landmass called Pangea. He supported his theory with fossil evidence from the Mesosaurus,
Cynognathus, Glossopteris and the Lystrosaurus. These organism fossils are found on multiple
continents with varying climate. The organisms could not survive there today due to changed climate.
The climate changed because the continents moved positions due to continental drift.
5. Wegener created the theory of _________________________________________________.
6. Identify the 3 continents the Lystrosaurus fossils have been found on.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. Identify the 2 continents the Cynognathus fossils have been found on.
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. Which statement best explains why fossils of organisms are found on different continents?
a. The organisms can swim or be carried across oceans
b. The organisms walked across the continental plates when the oceans dried up
c. All organisms can be found on every continent
d. All the continents were once connected in a single landmass
WEDNESDAY
Read and answer the following questions.
Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift stated that all the continents were once joined together
in a single landmass called Pangea. Pangea, the supercontinent, broke apart due to convection
currents in the mantle. Earth’s crust is broken into many pieces, called plates. Plates carry
continents and ocean floors. The theory of plate tectonics says that Earth’s plates move because of
convection currents in the mantle. Plates interact with each other. Plates may pull apart
(divergent), push together (convergent), or slide past each other (transform). Wherever plates meet,
there are volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges.
9. What causes the continents to move? ____________________________________________
10. What part of the Earth (core, mantle or crust) is broken into plates? ___________________
11. What is on the plates? ________________________________________________________
12. Describe the movement of each type of plate boundary.
a. divergent plate boundary  ________________________________________________
b. convergent plate boundary  _______________________________________________
c. transform plate boundary  ________________________________________________
13. Use the diagram to fill in the description.
The c_______________________ on Earth’s
surface have changed positions many times.
225 million years ago, all continents were
connected in a single land mass called
P_________________. Today, this
supercontinent has separated into seven
continents. The process that has caused the
changes in the location of the continents is
called c_______________________
c_______________________. Convection
currents are caused by the heat in the core to
increase the temperature of material in the
m_______________. The hot material in the
mantle rises to the c____________________
while the cooler material sinks towards the
core. This causes p______________
t__________________________, or
movement of Earth’s plates.
THURSDAY
Read and answer the following questions.
Weathering and erosion work together to wear down and carry away the rocks at Earth’s surface.
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks and other materials on Earth’s surface. There are two
kinds of weathering: mechanical (physical) and chemical weathering. Weathering is caused by
changing temperatures, water, ice and gases in the air. Erosion is the movement of rock pieces and
other materials on Earth’s surface. Erosion is caused by wind, water, ice and gravity. Erosion
carries away the rocks pieces made by weathering.
14. Define weathering. _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
15. What causes weathering of rocks? ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
16. Define erosion. ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
17. What causes erosion of rocks? ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
18. One of the most fascinated land features in the United States are canyons. Over millions of
years, rivers have flowed over the land, weathering and eroding rocks to create a deep
canyon. Fill in the following prompt to explain how weathering and erosion create
canyons.
Weathering and e_______________________ wear down and carry away r_____________ on
Earth’s surface. Weathering is the b__________________ down of rocks. Canyons in the United
States are mostly likely created by w____________________ moving over Earth’s surface and over
time breaking down the rocks. Rocks are broken into smaller pieces by a process called
p______________________ weathering. The rock pieces are then moved through the process of
e__________________________. Erosion is also caused by the movement of
w____________________ over earth’s surface. For example, the Grand Canyon was created over
millions of years through the processes of w_____________________________ and
e__________________________. The Colorado River has flowed over and through the land for
m_____________________ of years, creating a deep canyon.