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Transcript
Name: ____________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: _______ Skill of the week- Earth/Space Science Drawing Conclusions MONDAY Read and answer the following questions. The three main layers of the Earth are the crust, mantle and core (inner and outer core layers). Temperature increases from the crust to the core. It is very hot inside Earth. Pressure also increases from the crust to the core. The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor. Earth’s mantle is made up of rock that is very hot but a flexible solid and is the thickest layer. The core is the Earth’s inside layer that is hot, dense and made of metals (mostly of iron and nickel). Earth’s Layers Layer # 1 2 depth 0 5-40 km -90 to 50 C 8700 C Convection currents Magma 2,900 km lithosphere, astenosphere 1 2 3 4 hot, dense, metals { plates temp 2,900 km 35,100 km 2,200 0 C 5,100 km 46, 300 5,000 0 C 6,300 km Use the diagrams above to answer the questions. 2 1. Use each layer once: crust, inner core, outer core, mantle. Which part of the earth is A. Labeled 1? ____________________________________ B. Labeled 2? ____________________________________ C. Labeled 3? ____________________________________ D. Labeled 4? ____________________________________ 2. What is the relationship between depth and temperature? (Fill in the blank with increases, decreases, stays the same) As depth increases, temperature inside Earth __________________________________ 3. What is the relationship between depth and pressure? As depth increases, pressure _______________________________________________ 4. Which part of the earth has the following characteristic… (core, crust or mantle) A. Very hot, dense and made of metals (metallic)? _______________________ B. Divided into separate plates? ____________________ C. Controls the movement of plates by convection currents moving magma?_______________ TUESDAY Read and answer the following questions. Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift stated that all the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangea. He supported his theory with fossil evidence from the Mesosaurus, Cynognathus, Glossopteris and the Lystrosaurus. These organism fossils are found on multiple continents with varying climate. The organisms could not survive there today due to changed climate. The climate changed because the continents moved positions due to continental drift. 5. Wegener created the theory of _________________________________________________. 6. Identify the 3 continents the Lystrosaurus fossils have been found on. _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Identify the 2 continents the Cynognathus fossils have been found on. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. Which statement best explains why fossils of organisms are found on different continents? a. The organisms can swim or be carried across oceans b. The organisms walked across the continental plates when the oceans dried up c. All organisms can be found on every continent d. All the continents were once connected in a single landmass WEDNESDAY Read and answer the following questions. Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift stated that all the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangea. Pangea, the supercontinent, broke apart due to convection currents in the mantle. Earth’s crust is broken into many pieces, called plates. Plates carry continents and ocean floors. The theory of plate tectonics says that Earth’s plates move because of convection currents in the mantle. Plates interact with each other. Plates may pull apart (divergent), push together (convergent), or slide past each other (transform). Wherever plates meet, there are volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges. 9. What causes the continents to move? ____________________________________________ 10. What part of the Earth (core, mantle or crust) is broken into plates? ___________________ 11. What is on the plates? ________________________________________________________ 12. Describe the movement of each type of plate boundary. a. divergent plate boundary ________________________________________________ b. convergent plate boundary _______________________________________________ c. transform plate boundary ________________________________________________ 13. Use the diagram to fill in the description. The c_______________________ on Earth’s surface have changed positions many times. 225 million years ago, all continents were connected in a single land mass called P_________________. Today, this supercontinent has separated into seven continents. The process that has caused the changes in the location of the continents is called c_______________________ c_______________________. Convection currents are caused by the heat in the core to increase the temperature of material in the m_______________. The hot material in the mantle rises to the c____________________ while the cooler material sinks towards the core. This causes p______________ t__________________________, or movement of Earth’s plates. THURSDAY Read and answer the following questions. Weathering and erosion work together to wear down and carry away the rocks at Earth’s surface. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks and other materials on Earth’s surface. There are two kinds of weathering: mechanical (physical) and chemical weathering. Weathering is caused by changing temperatures, water, ice and gases in the air. Erosion is the movement of rock pieces and other materials on Earth’s surface. Erosion is caused by wind, water, ice and gravity. Erosion carries away the rocks pieces made by weathering. 14. Define weathering. _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 15. What causes weathering of rocks? ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 16. Define erosion. ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 17. What causes erosion of rocks? ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 18. One of the most fascinated land features in the United States are canyons. Over millions of years, rivers have flowed over the land, weathering and eroding rocks to create a deep canyon. Fill in the following prompt to explain how weathering and erosion create canyons. Weathering and e_______________________ wear down and carry away r_____________ on Earth’s surface. Weathering is the b__________________ down of rocks. Canyons in the United States are mostly likely created by w____________________ moving over Earth’s surface and over time breaking down the rocks. Rocks are broken into smaller pieces by a process called p______________________ weathering. The rock pieces are then moved through the process of e__________________________. Erosion is also caused by the movement of w____________________ over earth’s surface. For example, the Grand Canyon was created over millions of years through the processes of w_____________________________ and e__________________________. The Colorado River has flowed over and through the land for m_____________________ of years, creating a deep canyon.