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First Crusade (1096) Successful – Christians take Jerusalem (When all that massacre happened) Second Crusade (1096) Unsuccessful – helped unite the Muslims Had nothing to do with Jerusalem… Saladin forced Christianity to submit Jerusalem to him Showed “mercy” to the Christians (or at least treated them a lot better than the Christians treated the Muslims) Jerusalem now in control of the Muslims led by Saladin …. Led by 3 Great Kings of Europe King Louis XVI of France Frederick Barbarossa of The Holy Roman Empire Richard The Lionheart of England Barbarossa falls of his horse and drowns Richard takes the fight to Saladin, massacring women and children on the walls Sound familiar? While Richard is off on Crusade… SOMEONE is stealing from the Rich and giving to the poor… Ends in a stalemate… Saladin is unable to completely drive out the Christians from Syria Richard is unable to take Jerusalem from the Muslims R.C. CRUSADERS: Lets go take back Jerusalem from the Muslims!! So they go on their way…. R.C. CRUSADERS: You know what? This is too damn hard….lets go to Byzantium and sack Constantinople instead… So the Crusaders instead of attacking the Muslims just attack the Eastern Orthodox Christians and take their city of Constantinople… FINAL BLOW between the Eastern Orthodox Church & the Roman Catholic Church Leads to the decline of the Byzantine Empire… Muslims split.. Christians ally with the Muslims to fight the Muslims in Egypt Christians lose. An alliance with the infidels is now okay? What happened to killing them all? :S Diplomatic maneuvering somehow leads to the Crusaders gaining control of Jerusalem… Muslims took back Jerusalem again… The Pope called for a Crusade again… This time the people had stopped caring about Jerusalem, its significance had been lost.. A small crusader army goes and gets destroyed… Christians just gave up during the crusade Crusading spirit now entirely dead… The last of the Crusades in the Middle East 1st Crusade: Christian Victory 2nd Crusade: Muslim Victory (Jerusalem still Christian) Saladin takes Jerusalem 3rd Crusade: Muslim Victory (Jerusalem still Muslim) 4th Crusade: Roman Catholics sack Constantinople and def. the Eastern Orthodox Christians 5th Crusade: Ally with a group of Muslims and lose to the other Muslims (Jerusalem still Muslim) 6th Crusade: Christian victory Muslims take Jerusalem again… 7th Crusade: Muslim Victory 8th & 9th Crusade: Muslim Victory – Crusaders quit Cannibalism, brutal senseless massacre of innocent people…what about that code of Chivalry? Unprovoked attack on other Christians sacking their great city…is that gods will? Ally with Muslims to attack Jerusalem…thought they were infidels? The Italian cities prospered from the transport of Crusaders and replaced Byzantines and Muslims as merchant-traders in the Mediterranean. Trade passed through Italian hands to Western Europe at a handsome profit. This commercial power became the economic base of the Italian Renaissance Settlement of the Middle East, major trade center Some Scholars: Crusades helped bring Western Europe in contact with Eastern, Greek and Muslim medicine, thinkers, science that helped pull Western Europe out of the dark ages.