* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download C) Gifford Pinchot - life.illinois.edu
Survey
Document related concepts
Occupancy–abundance relationship wikipedia , lookup
Ecological fitting wikipedia , lookup
Habitat conservation wikipedia , lookup
Unified neutral theory of biodiversity wikipedia , lookup
Maximum sustainable yield wikipedia , lookup
Biogeography wikipedia , lookup
Introduced species wikipedia , lookup
Island restoration wikipedia , lookup
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity wikipedia , lookup
Biodiversity action plan wikipedia , lookup
Human population planning wikipedia , lookup
Storage effect wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
IB 105 Environmental Science, Fall 2006 Exam 1. Form A. Question number in parentheses indicates question number on Form B 1. (6) Which of the following disciplines are included in the field of environmental science? A) Agriculture B) Chemistry C) Economics D) Politics E) All of the above 2. (1) In the southwestern United States, a primary environmental issue throughout most of the region is: A) Extensive deforestation B) Too many cornfields C) Too little water D) Urban sprawl 3. (2) Who argued for forest protection “…for the greatest good, for the greatest number for the longest time”? A) Henry David Thoreau B) George Perkins C) Gifford Pinchot D) John Muir E) Dick Cheney 4. (3) In addition to being the founder of the field of game management, Aldo Leopold wrote which book? A) Man and Nature B) Silent Spring C) A Sand County Almanac D) The Population Bomb 5. (4) The main purpose of the Kyoto Protocol was to: A) Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. B) Reduce the rate of population growth C) Increase awareness of biodiversity related issues. D) Set goals to increase the amount of safe drinking water worldwide. 6. (5) The “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico is caused by: A) Not enough nutrients B) Sharks C) Good farming practices D) Too many nutrients E) Over-fishing 7. (7) Of all the described species of animals, approximately ___________ are vertebrates. A) 5% B) 10% C) 50% D) 90% 8. (12) True or False: The United States has <5% of the World’s population but produces 50% of all toxic wastes. A) True B) False 9. (9) A good hypothesis will: A) Be as general as possible B) Be testable and falsifiable C) Be developed in isolation D) Both a and b 10. (10) A person who works towards a balance between resource use and availability has which of the following environmental attitudes? A) Developmental Ethic B) Preservation Ethic C) Conservation Ethic 11. (11) Evolution can operate on which of the following? A) Individuals in a population B) Populations in a community C) Communities in an ecosystem D) Ecosystems in the world 12. (8) When designing an experiment, there should be at least two differences between your experimental and control groups. A) True B) False 13. (13) What is the difference between ethics and morals? A) Ethics involve fundamental rights and wrongs, whereas morals are based on cultural practices. B) Morals involve fundamental rights and wrongs, where as ethics are based on cultural practices. C) They are equivalent terms. 14. (14) Which is NOT higher in rich countries relative to poor countries? A) Birth rates B) Life expectancy C) Wastes generated D) Per capita income E) Female literacy rates 15. (15) The field and laboratory experiments designed to investigate deformities in amphibians indicated that: A) Parasites alone could cause the observed deformities B) Chemicals alone could cause the observed deformities C) Chemicals combined with parasites increased the likelihood of deformities D) both a and c E) both b and c If you marked D but got this question wrong, see us! 16. (16) Which of the following correctly ranks organisms from the most specific (narrowest) grouping to the most general grouping. A) genera, class, order, kingdom B) family, order, class, phylum C) kingdom, phylum, order, genera D) species, class, order, kingdom 17. (36) Which biological process creates oxygen and glucose? A) Respiration B) Predation C) Photosynthesis D) Nitrogen fixing 18. (18) Who wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection? A) Ernst Mayr B) Alfred Russel Wallace C) Charles Darwin D) Paul Ehrlich 19. (19) A widely accepted generalization that explains why things happen in nature: A) Scientific hypothesis B) Scientific theory C) Scientific law D) Scientific conclusion 20. (20) A species is: A) All the organisms you can find in on ecosystem. B) A group of organisms that share similar habits and resources C) A group of organisms that look similar D) A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable offspring 21. (21) Mullerian mimicry is when a harmless species is protected because it looks like a poisonous or dangerous species. A) True B) False 22. (22) Which of the following interactions usually results in a negative impact on both participating individuals? A) Competition B) Parasitism C) Predation D) Mutalism E) Commensalism 23. (23) The Northern Hog Sucker is a fish that turns over stones looking for food. Smaller fish follow the sucker to grab whatever it misses. This is an example of: A) Parasitism B) Intraspecific competition C) Commensalism D) Mutualism E) Interspecific competition 24. (24) Which of the following policies did not start in the 1970s: A) The Healthy Forest Initiative B) The Clean Air Act C) The Endangered Species Act D) The Safe Drinking Water Act 25. (25) Accuracy is a measure of how close a result is to the actual truth while precision is a measure of repeatable a result is. A) True B) False 26. (26) The cowbird is an example of a species native to Illinois that has detrimental impacts on other birds by acting as which of the following: A) Predator B) Mutualist C) Competitor D) Parasite 27. (27) Which of the following are examples of biotic factors? A) Competitors B) Predators C) Water and light D) Temperature E) both a and b 28. (28) A species that plays an essential role in a community and whose removal may impact the stability of an ecosystem is called a: A) Umbrella species B) Keystone species C) Endemic species D) Indicator species 29. (31) Which of the following principles are reasons why people value biodiversity A) Ethics B) Morals C) Economics D) Aesthetic E) all of the above 30. (32) On average, there are how many degrees of separation between any two organisms in a food web? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6 31. (33) Linneaus is credited for which of the following? A) Creating the biological species concept B) Co-founding the theory of evolution C) Creating the modern classification system of animals and plants D) Proving the concept of food webs 32. (34) Which of the following is the leading cause of species endangerment in the United States? A) Disease B) Hunting C) Pollution D) Invasive species E) Habitat loss 33. (17) The study of the interrelationship between organisms and their environment is: A) Ecology B) Evolution C) Biology D) Environmental Science 34. (35) Close interactions between species can lead to coevolution. A) True B) False 35. (37) Which survivorship curve describes populations where mortality is low until old age? A) B) C) D) Type I Type II Type III Type IV 36. (39) Population growth rates depend on which of the following: A) Birth rate B) Sex ratio C) Immigration D) A and C only E) All of the above 37. (38) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a typical growth curve? A) Dispersal phase B) Exponential growth phase C) Stable equilibrium phase D) Lag phase 38. (43) The carrying capacity of a population is: A) The amount of resources it uses at any one time B) The total biomass of all individuals C) The amount of weight it can life over its head D) The number of individuals that can be supported 39. (40) Which of the following is not an example of a life history characteristic? A) Age at maturity B) Number of offspring produced C) Number of reproductive events D) Lifespan E) All are examples of life history characteristics 40. (41) r-strategists are controlled by density-independent factors while k-strategists tend to be controlled by density-dependent factors. A) TRUE B) FALSE 41. (42) Which of the following is not a characteristic of r-adapted species? A) Many, small offspring B) Short life C) Niche specialists D) Low trophic level 42. (50) The human population reached 6 billion people in: A) 1899 B) 1929 C) 1979 D) 1999 43. (45) Which of the following bests describes the views of Rev. Thomas Malthus and Karl Marx? A) Malthus and Marx both believed that excessive population growth leads to poverty, famine and political strife B) Malthus and Marx both believed that poverty, famine and political strife leads to excessive population growth C) Malthus believed that excessive population growth leads to poverty, famine and political strife, while Marx believed that poverty, famine and political strife leads to excessive population growth D) Malthus believed that poverty, famine and political strife leads to excessive population growth, while Marx believed that excessive population growth leads to poverty, famine and political strife 44. (29) Easter Island provides an example of: A) How a human population can use resources sustainably for long periods B) How a human population can overshoot its carrying capacity and crash C) How alternate sources of energy can be used efficiently D) Introduced species can devastate a community 45. (44) An experiment in which both the scientist and the test subjects are unaware which group is receiving control treatments and or experimental treatments is a: A) Blind experiment B) Double blind experiment C) Un-replicated experiment D) Not an experiment 46. (46) Organisms that are not closely related but develop traits that are similar over time is considered: A) Divergent evolution B) Speciaton C) Convergent evolution D) Concave evolution 47. (47) Amino acids, peptides, and proteins are all essential organic molecules that are composed of: A) Sulfur B) Carbon C) Nitrogen D) Phosphorous everyone got question 47 correct 48. (48) Which of the following factors influences the birth rate of a country: A) The gross national product B) The availability of contraceptives C) Women’s access to education D) All of the above 49. (49) Which of the following factors act as environmental resistance and can set a population’s carrying capacity: A) Disease B) Food supply C) Temperature D) Time of day E) Both A and B 50. (30) Which of the following people lobbied to create the National Park system and also founded the Sierra Club? A) Dick Cheney B) John Muir C) Gifford Pinochet D) George Perkins Extra Credit 51. (51) The unabashedly anthropocentric Bjørn Lomborg wrote: A) State of the World B) My First Summer in the Sierra C) The Skeptical Environmentalist D) The Diversity of Life 52. The name of your professor is: Andy Suarez